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Le chômage au Royaume-Uni : une perspective dynamique

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  • Simon Burgess

Abstract

[fre] Aujourd’hui, l’analyse de l’évolution du chômage ne peut se faire sans prendre en compte sa nature essentiellement dynamique qui en fait un état de transition sur le marché de l’emploi. Ainsi, une analyse des caractéristiques du chômage au Royaume-Uni montre que les taux de transition d’un état à un autre (emploi, chômage, non-emploi) sur le marché du travail par âge, par sexe et par niveau de formation sont plus proches de ceux de la France que de ceux des États-Unis. Ces résultats vont à l’encontre de l’idée couramment admise selon laquelle les performances obtenues récemment en matière de lutte contre le chômage par le Royaume-Uni seraient la conséquence d’une nouvelle flexibilité du marché de l’emploi qui l’apparenterait aux États-Unis. Celle-ci ne s’explique pas d’ailleurs autant qu’on a bien voulu le dire par le développement des formes d’emploi «atypiques» (temps partiel, intérim, contrats à durée déterminée ou emplois saisonniers) qui ont plutôt moins progressé dans les années 80 et 90 qu’auparavant. En fait, si l’on considère que le rôle du marché de l’emploi est de faciliter l’appariement entre les salariés à la recherche d’un emploi et les emplois à pourvoir, on observe que la plupart des nouveaux appariements se font sans le passage par une période de chômage, mais par des transitions directes d’emploi à emploi. Le chômage apparaît alors comme faisant partie intégrante de la dynamique de réaffectation de la main-d’oeuvre en général.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Burgess, 2000. "Le chômage au Royaume-Uni : une perspective dynamique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 332(1), pages 117-132.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2000_num_332_1_7543
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2000.7543
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2000.7543
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