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The Rise of Finance Companies and FinTech Lenders in Small Business Lending

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  • Manasa Gopal
  • Philipp Schnabl

Abstract

We document that finance companies and FinTech lenders increased lending to small businesses after the 2008 financial crisis. We show that most of the increase substituted for a reduction in bank lending. In counties in which banks had a larger market share before the crisis, finance companies and FinTech lenders increased their lending more. We find no effect of reduced bank lending on employment, wages, and new business creation by 2016. Our results suggest that finance companies and FinTech lenders are major suppliers of credit to small businesses and played an important role in the recovery from the 2008 financial crisis.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online

Suggested Citation

  • Manasa Gopal & Philipp Schnabl, 2022. "The Rise of Finance Companies and FinTech Lenders in Small Business Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 35(11), pages 4859-4901.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:35:y:2022:i:11:p:4859-4901.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Bednarek, Peter & Briukhova, Olga & Ongena, Steven & von Westernhagen, Natalja, 2023. "Effects of bank capital requirements on lending by banks and non-bank financial institutions," Discussion Papers 26/2023, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    2. He, Zhiguo & Huang, Jing & Zhou, Jidong, 2023. "Open banking: Credit market competition when borrowers own the data," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(2), pages 449-474.
    3. Carletti, Elena & Leonello, Agnese & Marquez, Robert, 2023. "Loan guarantees, bank underwriting policies and financial stability," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(2), pages 260-295.
    4. Çağlar Hamarat & Daniel Broby, 2022. "Regulatory constraint and small business lending: do innovative peer-to-peer lenders have an advantage?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-25, December.
    5. Greg Buchak & Gregor Matvos & Tomasz Piskorski & Amit Seru, 2023. "Aggregate Lending and Modern Financial Intermediation: Why Bank Balance Sheet Models Are Miscalibrated," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2023, volume 38, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Huang, Yiping & Li, Xiang & Qiu, Han & Yu, Changhua, 2023. "BigTech credit and monetary policy transmission: Micro-level evidence from China," IWH Discussion Papers 18/2022, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), revised 2023.
    7. Gaffney, Edward & McGeever, Niall, 2022. "The SME-lender relationship network in Ireland," Financial Stability Notes 14/FS/22, Central Bank of Ireland.
    8. Zhao, Meiyu & Zhang, Bo, 2023. "Credit corruption, financial constraint and corporate innovation: Evidence on China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    9. Alexander Cuntz & Alessio Muscarnera & Prince C. Oguguo & Matthias Sahli, 2023. "IP assets and film finance - a primer on standard practices in the U.S," WIPO Economic Research Working Papers 74, World Intellectual Property Organization - Economics and Statistics Division.
    10. Isha Agarwal & Malin Hu & Raluca Roman & Keling Zheng, 2023. "Lending by Servicing: Monetary Policy Transmission Through Shadow Banks," Working Papers 23-14, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    11. Jacek Adamek & Ma³gorzata Solarz, 2023. "Adoption factors in digital lending services offered by FinTech lenders," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 14(1), pages 169-212, March.
    12. Lai, Shaojie & Chen, Lihan & Wang, Qing Sophie & Anderson, Hamish D., 2023. "Bank competition and corporate employment: Evidence from the geographic distribution of bank branches in China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    13. Alperovych, Yan & Divakaruni, Anantha & Le Grand, François, 2022. "FinTech Lending under Austerity," SocArXiv atsk9, Center for Open Science.
    14. Carletti, Elena & Leonello, Agnese & Marquez, Robert, 2023. "Loan guarantees, bank underwriting policies and financial fragility," Working Paper Series 2782, European Central Bank.
    15. Iñaki Aldasoro & Sebastian Doerr & Haonan Zhou, 2023. "Non-bank lending during crises," BIS Working Papers 1074, Bank for International Settlements.
    16. Chen, Wen & Wu, Weili & Zhang, Tonghui, 2023. "Fintech development, firm digitalization, and bank loan pricing," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    17. Babina, Tania & Bahaj, Saleem & Buchak, Greg & De Marco, Filippo & Foulis, Angus & Gornall, Will & Mazzola, Francesco & Yu, Tong, 2024. "Customer data access and fintech entry: early evidence from open banking," Bank of England working papers 1059, Bank of England.
    18. Divakaruni, Anantha & Alperovych, Yan & Le Grand, François, 2022. "FinTech Lending under Austerity," OSF Preprints m4tps, Center for Open Science.
    19. John M. Griffin & Samuel Kruger & Prateek Mahajan, 2023. "Did FinTech Lenders Facilitate PPP Fraud?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 78(3), pages 1777-1827, June.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises

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