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Pursuing Value Through Liquidity in IPOs: Underpricing, Share Retention, Lockup, and Trading Volume Relationships

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  • Steven Zheng
  • Joseph Ogden
  • Frank Jen

Abstract

We argue that in an initial public offering (IPO), pre-IPO owners make decisions regarding underpricing, share retention, and share lockup simultaneously and optimally to maximize aftermarket liquidity. We predict that underpricing fosters higher trading volume in both the short run and the long run. Also, liquidity is negatively related to the proportion of shares retained by pre-IPO owners, ceteris paribus, so IPO underpricing should be positively related to the proportion of shares retained, as an offset. We document evidence consistent with these predictions. In addition, we find that, for IPOs with a lockup restriction, underpricing is more substantial and the positive relation between share retention and underpricing is much stronger. We also find that the relationship between underpricing and trading volume is stronger for IPOs with lockup. IPOs with lockup have higher trading volume, and a significant portion of this difference is associated with the effect of underpricing. Copyright Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005

Suggested Citation

  • Steven Zheng & Joseph Ogden & Frank Jen, 2005. "Pursuing Value Through Liquidity in IPOs: Underpricing, Share Retention, Lockup, and Trading Volume Relationships," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 293-312, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:rqfnac:v:25:y:2005:i:3:p:293-312
    DOI: 10.1007/s11156-005-4769-z
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    Cited by:

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    2. Haman, Janto & Chalmers, Keryn & Fang, Victor, 2017. "IPO lockups, long run returns, and growth opportunities," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 184-199.
    3. Kulabutr Komenkul & Mohamed Sherif & Bing Xu, 2017. "IPOs’ signalling effects for speculative stock detection: evidence from the Stock Exchange of Thailand," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(31), pages 3067-3085, July.
    4. Miguel A. Acedo & Fco. Javier Ruiz & Rafael Santamaría, 2008. "Influence of Secondary Offerings on the Liquidity and Trading Activity of Stocks Outstanding," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 58(01-02), pages 21-37, January.
    5. Sahil Narang & Rudra P. Pradhan, 2021. "IPO lock-up: a review and assessment," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 48(3), pages 343-369, September.
    6. Liam Gallagher & Mark Hutchinson & John O’Brien, 2018. "Does Convertible Arbitrage Risk Exposure Vary Through Time?," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(04), pages 1-25, December.
    7. Grammenos, Costas Th. & Papapostolou, Nikos C., 2012. "US shipping initial public offerings: Do prospectus and market information matter?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 276-295.
    8. Chuntai Jin & Tianze Li & Steven Xiaofan Zheng, 2016. "IPO Offering Size and Analyst Forecasts," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(03), pages 1-25, September.
    9. Beng Soon Chong & Zhenbin Liu, 2016. "CAR associated with SEO share lockups: Real or illusionary?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 513-541, October.

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