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IPO Underpricing and After-Market Liquidity

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Author Info
Andrew Ellul
Marco Pagano

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Abstract

The underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) is generally explained with asymmetric information and risk. We complement these traditional explanations with a new theory where investors worry also about the after-market illiquidity that may result from asymmetric information after the IPO. The less liquid the aftermarket is expected to be, and the less predictable its liquidity, the larger will be the IPO underpricing. Our model blends such liquidity concerns with adverse selection and risk as motives for underpricing. The model's predictions are supported by evidence for 337 British IPOs effected between 1998 and 2000. Using various measures of liquidity, we find that expected after-market liquidity and liquidity risk are important determinants of IPO underpricing. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.

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File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhj018
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Publisher Info
Article provided by Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies in its journal The Review of Financial Studies.

Volume (Year): 19 (2006)
Issue (Month): 2 ()
Pages: 381-421
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Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:19:y:2006:i:2:p:381-421

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Baron, David P, 1982. " A Model of the Demand for Investment Banking Advising and Distribution Services for New Issues," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 37(4), pages 955-76, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Ljungqvist, Alexander P, 2003. "Conflicts of Interest and Efficient Contracting in IPOs," CEPR Discussion Papers 4163, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Pastor, Lubos & Stambaugh, Robert F., 2003. "Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 111(3), pages 642-685, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Habib, Michel A & Ljungqvist, Alexander P, 2001. "Underpricing and Entrepreneurial Wealth Losses in IPOs: Theory and Evidence," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(2), pages 433-58.
    Other versions:
  6. Chordia, Tarun & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar & Anshuman, V. Ravi, 2001. "Trading activity and expected stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 3-32, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Leland, Hayne E & Pyle, David H, 1977. "Informational Asymmetries, Financial Structure, and Financial Intermediation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(2), pages 371-87, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Katrina Ellis & Roni Michaely & Maureen O'Hara, 2000. "When the Underwriter Is the Market Maker: An Examination of Trading in the IPO Aftermarket," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1039-1074, 06. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Amihud, Yakov & Mendelson, Haim, 1986. "Asset pricing and the bid-ask spread," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 223-249, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Lawrence M. Benveniste & Alexander Ljungqvist & William J. Wilhelm & Xiaoyun Yu, 2002. "Evidence of Information Spillovers in the Production of Investment Banking Services," OFRC Working Papers Series 2002fe06, Oxford Financial Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Datar, Vinay T. & Y. Naik, Narayan & Radcliffe, Robert, 1998. "Liquidity and stock returns: An alternative test," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 1(2), pages 203-219, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Tim Loughran & Jay Ritter, 2004. "Why Has IPO Underpricing Changed Over Time?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 33(3), Fall.
  13. Eleswarapu, Venkat R, 1997. " Cost of Transacting and Expected Returns in the Nasdaq Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(5), pages 2113-27, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Benveniste, Lawrence M. & Spindt, Paul A., 1989. "How investment bankers determine the offer price and allocation of new issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 343-361. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Matt Pritsker, 2005. "A Fully-Rational Liquidity-Based Theory of IPO Underpricing and Underperformance," Computing in Economics and Finance 2005 414, Society for Computational Economics. [Downloadable!]
  2. Carlo Favero & Marco Pagano & Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden, 2005. "Valutation, Liquidity and Risk in Government Bond Markets," Working Papers 281, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University. [Downloadable!]
  3. Sarah Parlane & Fabrice Rousseau, 2007. "Optimal IPO Design with Informed Trading," Working Papers 200706, School Of Economics, University College Dublin. [Downloadable!]
  4. Matthew Pritsker, 2006. "A fully-rational liquidity-based theory of IPO underpricing and underperformance," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2006-12, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  5. Carlo Favero & Marco Pagano & Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden, 2007. "How Does Liquidity Affect Government Bond Yields?," CSEF Working Papers 181, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Miguel A. Acedo & Fco. Javier Ruiz & Rafael Santamaría, 2008. "Influence of Secondary Offerings on the Liquidity and Trading Activity of Stocks Outstanding," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 58(01-02), pages 21-37, January. [Downloadable!]
  7. Dimitri Vayanos & Jiang Wang, 2009. "Liquidity and Asset Prices: A Unified Framework," NBER Working Papers 15215, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Valérie Revest & Sandro Sapio, . "Financing Technology-Based Small Firms in Europe: a review of the empirical evidence," LEM Papers Series 2008/23, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy. [Downloadable!]
  9. Chris D'Souza & Charles Gaa, 2004. "The Effects of Economic News on Bond Market Liquidity," Working Papers 04-16, Bank of Canada. [Downloadable!]
  10. Bernardo Bortolotti & Paolo Pinotti, 2003. "The Political Economy of Privatization," Working Papers 2003.45, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. [Downloadable!]
  11. Yasushi Hamao & Takeo Hoshi & Tetsuji Okazaki, 2007. "Listing Policy and Development of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in the Pre-War Period," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-495, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo. [Downloadable!]
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