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Emission trading in Europe with an exchange rate

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  • Ger Klaassen
  • Finn Førsund
  • Markus Amann

Abstract

This paper explores the analytical and empirical properties of a new method for emission trading according to a fixed exchange rate. The exchange rate is based on the ratios of the marginal costs of abatement in the optimal solution in order to account for the impact of the location of emission sources on the deposition. It is shown that, generally, this system will not achieve the optimal solution and does not guarantee that environmental deposition constraints are not violated, although total abatement costs are always reduced. A routine was developed to mimic trading as a bilateral, sequential process, subject to an exchange rate. In the example used, results for SO 2 emissions in Europe show that, starting from a uniform reduction, exchange-rate trading achieves higher cost savings than one-to-one trading, without achieving the cost minimum. Sulfur deposition targets are not violated since the initial emission allocation overfulfilled targets at many places. The results are sensitive to: pre-trade emission levels, the transaction costs, the availability of information on potential cost savings and assumptions made on the behavior of trading partners. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1994

Suggested Citation

  • Ger Klaassen & Finn Førsund & Markus Amann, 1994. "Emission trading in Europe with an exchange rate," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 4(4), pages 305-330, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:enreec:v:4:y:1994:i:4:p:305-330
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00692228
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chao-Ning Liao, 2009. "Technology adoption decisions under a mixed regulatory system of tradable permits and air pollution fees for the control of Total Suspended Particulates in Taiwan," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 35(2), pages 135-153, April.
    2. Liao, Chao-Ning, 2007. "Modelling a mixed system of air pollution fee and tradable permits for controlling nitrogen oxide: a case study of Taiwan," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 51(4), pages 1-16.
    3. Bailey, Peter D & Gough, Clair A & Millock, Katrin & Chadwick, Michael J, 1996. "Prospects for the joint implementation of sulphur emission reductions in Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(6), pages 507-516, June.
    4. Brockmann, Karl Ludwig & Koschel, Henrike & Schmidt, Tobias F. N., 1998. "Tradable SO-2-permits in the European Union: a practicable scheme for public utilities," ZEW Discussion Papers 98-15, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    5. Finn Førsund & Eric NÆvdal, 1998. "Efficiency Gains Under Exchange-Rate Emission Trading," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 12(4), pages 403-423, December.
    6. Nicholas Z. Muller & Robert Mendelsohn, 2009. "Efficient Pollution Regulation: Getting the Prices Right," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(5), pages 1714-1739, December.
    7. Olivier Godard, 1998. "Les permis d'émission négociables et la lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique," Post-Print hal-00622857, HAL.
    8. Finus, Michael & Tjotta, Sigve, 2003. "The Oslo Protocol on sulfur reduction: the great leap forward?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(9-10), pages 2031-2048, September.
    9. Førsund, Finn R & Wolfgang, Ove, 2001. "The Compensation Mechanism in the RAINS Model: The Norwegian Targets for Acidification," Memorandum 34/2001, Oslo University, Department of Economics.
    10. Willett, Keith & Caplanova, Anetta, 2022. "Pollution and environmental quality violations: Finding the right emission permit prices for NO2 EDPs," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PB).
    11. Fernando Rodríguez, 2000. "On the Use of Exchange Rates as Trading Rules in a Bilateral System of Transferable Discharge Permits," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 15(4), pages 379-395, April.
    12. Y. Ermoliev & M. Michalevich & A. Nentjes, 2000. "Markets for Tradeable Emission and Ambient Permits: A Dynamic Approach," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 15(1), pages 39-56, January.
    13. Krysiak, Frank C. & Schweitzer, Patrick, 2010. "The optimal size of a permit market," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(2), pages 133-143, September.
    14. F.R. Forsund, 2000. "An Economic Interpretation of the Compensation Mechanism in the RAINS Model," Working Papers ir00036, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
    15. Francois Destandau & Amir Nafi, 2010. "What is the Best Distribution for Pollution Abatement Efforts? Information for Optimizing the WFD Programs of Measures," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 46(3), pages 337-358, July.
    16. Sotelsek, Daniel F. & Azqueta Oyarzún, Diego, 1999. "Comparative advantages and the exploitation of environmental resources," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    17. Fernando Rodríguez, 1999. "Joint Implementation under the Second Sulfur Protocol: Analysis and Simulation," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 13(2), pages 143-168, March.
    18. Toon Vandyck & Kimon Keramidas & Stéphane Tchung-Ming & Matthias Weitzel & Rita Dingenen, 2020. "Quantifying air quality co-benefits of climate policy across sectors and regions," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 163(3), pages 1501-1517, December.
    19. Hung, Ming-Feng & Shaw, Daigee, 2005. "A trading-ratio system for trading water pollution discharge permits," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 83-102, January.

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