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Technology Diffusion within Central Banking: The Case of Real-Time Gross Settlement

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  • Morten L. Bech

    (Federal Reserve Bank of New York)

  • Bart Hobijn

    (Federal Reserve Bank of New York)

Abstract

We examine the diffusion of the real-time gross settlement (RTGS) technology across the world's 174 central banks. RTGS reduces settlement risk and facilitates financial innovation in, for example, the settlement of foreign exchange trades. In 1985 only three central banks had implemented RTGS systems; by year-end 2006 that number had increased to ninetythree. We find that the RTGS diffusion process is consistent with a standard S-shaped curve. Real GDP per capita, the relative price of capital, and trade patterns explain a significant part of the cross-country variation in RTGS adoption. These determinants are remarkably similar to those that seem to drive cross-country adoption patterns of other technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Morten L. Bech & Bart Hobijn, 2007. "Technology Diffusion within Central Banking: The Case of Real-Time Gross Settlement," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 3(3), pages 147-181, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:ijc:ijcjou:y:2007:q:3:a:5
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    Cited by:

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    3. Morten Linnemann Bech & Yuuki Shimizu & Paul Wong, 2017. "The quest for speed in payments," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    4. Lester Benjamin, 2009. "Settlement Systems," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-35, May.
    5. Biliana Alexandrova‐Kabadjova, 2016. "Currents of Liquidity Flows Created by the Different Type of Payments: the Case of SPEI," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(1-2), pages 65-84, January.
    6. Martin, Antoine & McAndrews, James, 2010. "A study of competing designs for a liquidity-saving mechanism," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(8), pages 1818-1826, August.
    7. Enghin Atalay & Antoine Martin & James J. McAndrews, 2008. "The welfare effects of a liquidity-saving mechanism," Staff Reports 331, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    8. Morten L. Bech & Christine Preisig & Kimmo Soramaki, 2008. "Global trends in large-value payments," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 14(Sep), pages 59-81.
    9. Diego Comin & Bart Hobijn & Emilie Rovito, 2008. "Technology usage lags," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 237-256, December.
    10. Bech, Morten L. & Chapman, James T.E. & Garratt, Rodney J., 2010. "Which bank is the "central" bank?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(3), pages 352-363, April.
    11. Shaun Byck & Ronald Heijmans, 2020. "How much liquidity would a liquidity-saving mechanism save if a liquidity-saving mechanism could save liquidity? A simulation approach for Canada's large-value payment system Shaun Byck," Working Papers 682, DNB.
    12. John Goddard & Donal McKillop & John Wilson, 2009. "Which Credit Unions are Acquired?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 231-252, December.
    13. Rodney J. Garratt & Zhentong Lu & Phoebe Tian, 2023. "How Banks Create Gridlock to Save Liquidity in Canada's Large Value Payment System," Staff Working Papers 23-26, Bank of Canada.
    14. Morten L. Bech & Antoine Martin & James J. McAndrews, 2012. "Settlement liquidity and monetary policy implementation—lessons from the financial crisis," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 18(Mar), pages 3-20.
    15. Dr. Robert Oleschak & Dr. Thomas Nellen, 2013. "Does SIC need a heart pacemaker?," Working Papers 2013-10, Swiss National Bank.
    16. David A. Marshall & Robert Steigerwald, 2013. "The role of time-critical liquidity in financial markets," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 37(Q II), pages 30-46.
    17. Bech, Morten & Monnet, Cyril, 2016. "A search-based model of the interbank money market and monetary policy implementation," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 32-67.
    18. Gara Afonso & Hyun Song Shin, 2011. "Precautionary Demand and Liquidity in Payment Systems," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(s2), pages 589-619, October.
    19. Tobias Adrian & Rodney Garratt & Dong He & Tommaso Mancini-Griffoli, 2023. "Trust bridges and money flows," BIS Working Papers 1112, Bank for International Settlements.
    20. Biliana Alexandrova Kabadjova & Anton Badev & Saulo Benchimol Bastos & Evangelos Benos & Freddy Cepeda- Lopéz & James Chapman & Martin Diehl & Ioana Duca-Radu & Rodney Garratt & Ronald Heijmans & Anne, 2023. "Intraday liquidity around the world," BIS Working Papers 1089, Bank for International Settlements.
    21. Neville Arjani & Ronald Heijmans, 2020. "Is there anybody out there? Detecting operational outages from LVTS transaction data," Working Papers 683, DNB.
    22. Angelo D'Andrea & Nicola Limodio, 2019. "High-Speed Internet, Financial Technology and Banking in Africa," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 19124, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    23. Todd Keister & Antoine Martin & James J. McAndrews, 2008. "Divorcing money from monetary policy," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 14(Sep), pages 41-56.
    24. Morten L. Bech, 2008. "Intraday liquidity management: a tale of games banks play," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 14(Sep), pages 7-23.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C72 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Noncooperative Games
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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