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The Diffusion of Financial Innovations: An Examination of The Adoption of Small Business Credit Scoring by Large Banking Organizations

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Author Info
Jalal Akhavein
W. Scott Frame
Lawrence J. White

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Abstract

Financial innovation has been described as the "life blood of efficient and responsive capital markets." Yet, there have been few quantitative investigations of financial innovation and the diffusion of these new technologies. Of the latter, there have been only three prior quantitative studies, and all three used the same data set on ATMs!

This paper makes a significant contribution to the financial innovation literature by examining the diffusion of a recent important innovation of the 1990s: banks' use of credit scoring for small business lending. We examine the responses of 95 large banking organizations to a survey that asked whether they had adopted credit scoring for small business lending as of June 1997 (55 had done so) and, if they had adopted it, when they had done so. We estimate hazard and tobit models to explain the diffusion pattern of small business credit scoring models. Explanatory variables include several market, firm, and managerial factors of the banking organizations' under study.

The hazard model indicates that larger banking organizations innovated earlier, as did those located in the New York Federal Reserve district; both results are consistent with our expectations. The tobit model confirms these results and also finds that organizations with fewer separately chartered banks but more branches innovated earlier, which is consistent with theories stressing the importance of bank organizational form on lending style. Though the managerial variables' signs are consistent with our expectations, none yields significant results.

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Paper provided by Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania in its series Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers with number 01-19.

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Date of creation: May 2001
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Handle: RePEc:wop:pennin:01-19

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Related research
Keywords: Credit Scoring; Small Business Lending; Financial Innovation; Technology Diffusion;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
O3 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change
L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

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    Other versions:
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  1. Cerqueiro, G.M. & Degryse, H.A. & Ongena, S., 2007. "Rules versus Discretion in Loan Rate Setting," Discussion Paper 2007-59, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. W. Scott Frame & Lawrence J. White, 2002. "Empirical studies of financial innovation: lots of talk, little action?," Working Paper 2002-12, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
  3. Christophe J. Godlewski & Ydriss Ziane, 2008. "How many banks does it take to lend? Empirical evidence from Europe," Working Papers of LaRGE (Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie) 2008-11, Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie, Université de Strasbourg (France). [Downloadable!]
  4. Allen N. Berger & Marco A. Espinosa-Vega & W. Scott Frame & Nathan H. Miller, 2007. "Why do borrowers pledge collateral? new empirical evidence on the role of asymmetric information," Working Paper 2006-29, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
  5. Morten L. Bech & Bart Hobijn, 2006. "Technology diffusion within central banking: the case of real-time gross settlement," Staff Reports 260, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Robert DeYoung & William Hunter & Gregory Udell, 2004. "The Past, Present, and Probable Future for Community Banks," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer, vol. 25(2), pages 85-133, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  7. Allen N. Berger & Astrid A. Dick & Lawrence G. Goldberg & Lawrence J. White, 2005. "The effects of competition from large, multimarket firms on the performance of small, single-market firms: evidence from the banking industry," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2005-15, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  8. O. Emre Ergungor, 2002. "Community banks as small business lenders: the tough road ahead," Working Paper 0203, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. [Downloadable!]
  9. W. Scott Frame & Lawrence J. White, 2009. "Technological change, financial innovation, and diffusion in banking," Working Paper 2009-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
  10. O. Emre Ergungor, 2006. "Bank branch presence and access to credit in low-to-moderate income neighborhoods," Working Paper 0616, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. [Downloadable!]
  11. Allen N. Berger & W. Scott Frame & Nathan H. Miller, 2002. "Credit scoring and the availability, price, and risk of small business credit," Working Paper 2002-6, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  12. Allen N. Berger & W. Scott Frame, 2005. "Small business credit scoring and credit availability," Working Paper 2005-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
  13. Jaap W.B. Bos & Ryan C.R. van Lamoen & James W. Kolari, 2009. "Competition and Innovation: Evidence from Financial Services," Working Papers 09-16, Utrecht School of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  16. Allen N. Berger, 2002. "The economic effects of technological progress: evidence from the banking industry," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2002-50, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
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  17. W. Scott Frame & Lawrence White, 2002. "Empirical Studies of Financial Innovation: Lots of Talk, Little Action?," Working Papers 02-18, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  18. Dennis Glennon & Peter Nigro, 2005. "An Analysis of SBA Loan Defaults by Maturity Structure," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 77-111, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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