IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i23p16028-d989551.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impacts of Energy Consumption by Sector and Foreign Direct Investment on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Mohd Shahidan Shaari

    (Centre of Excellence for Social Innovation & Sustainability (CoESIS), Faculty of Business & Communication, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia)

  • Wen Chiat Lee

    (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak Campus, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia)

  • Abdul Rahim Ridzuan

    (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka Campus, Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia
    Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
    Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, Institute for Research on Socio Economic Policy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
    Centre for Economic Development and Policy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia)

  • Evan Lau

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia)

  • Faiz Masnan

    (Centre of Excellence for Social Innovation & Sustainability (CoESIS), Faculty of Business & Communication, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia)

Abstract

The global push for sustainable development has brought environmental issues to the fore. As minimizing environmental deterioration implies reducing energy consumption, this has come under intense discussion among economists and policymakers. This is because it may affect productivity, and thus slow economic growth ensues. Most earlier studies focused on overall energy consumption rather than energy use by sector to see how it can affect CO 2 emissions. However, little research has been conducted on the connection between energy use in particular sectors, such as agriculture and transportation, and CO 2 emissions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impacts of energy use in Malaysia’s transportation, industrial, and agricultural sectors and foreign direct investment (FDI) on CO 2 emissions between 1989 and 2019. The ARDL technique is employed, and the results demonstrate that energy consumption in the transportation sector has a greater impact on CO 2 emissions than in the industrial sector. On the other hand, energy use in the agricultural sector reduces CO 2 emissions. These findings may help policymakers formulate the right policies in specific sectors to benefit communities. They will be at low risk of suffering from diseases attributed to environmental degradation.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Wen Chiat Lee & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Evan Lau & Faiz Masnan, 2022. "The Impacts of Energy Consumption by Sector and Foreign Direct Investment on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:16028-:d:989551
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/16028/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/16028/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ying Nie & Qingjie Liu & Rong Liu & Dexiao Ren & Yao Zhong & Feng Yu, 2022. "The Threshold Effect of FDI on CO 2 Emission in Belt and Road Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Nor Ermawati Hussain & Hussin Abdullah & Syahida Kamil, 2014. "Relationship among Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth and CO2 Emission: A Panel Data Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 4(4), pages 706-715.
    3. Nasreen, Samia & Mbarek, Mounir Ben & Atiq-ur-Rehman, Muhammad, 2020. "Long-run causal relationship between economic growth, transport energy consumption and environmental quality in Asian countries: Evidence from heterogeneous panel methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    4. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    5. Arifur Rahman Atiqur Rahman & Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Faiz Masnan & Miguel Angel Esquivias, 2022. "The Impacts of Energy Use, Tourism and Foreign Workers on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    6. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    7. Muhammad, Bashir, 2019. "Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in developed, emerging and Middle East and North Africa countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 232-245.
    8. Zhang, Yue-Jun, 2011. "The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: An empirical analysis in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 2197-2203, April.
    9. Demena, Binyam Afewerk & Afesorgbor, Sylvanus Kwaku, 2020. "The effect of FDI on environmental emissions: Evidence from a meta-analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    10. Ozturk, Ilhan & Acaravci, Ali, 2013. "The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 262-267.
    11. Wang, Zhaohua & Pham, Thi Le Hoa & Sun, Kaining & Wang, Bo & Bui, Quocviet & Hashemizadeh, Ali, 2022. "The moderating role of financial development in the renewable energy consumption - CO2 emissions linkage: The case study of Next-11 countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    12. Lilis Yuaningsih & R. Adjeng Mariana Febrianti & Munawar Javed Ahmad, 2021. "Examining the Factors Affecting CO2 Emissions from Road Transportation in Malaysia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(6), pages 152-159.
    13. Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Zulkefly Abdul Karim & Noorazeela Zainol Abidin, 2020. "The Effects of Energy Consumption and National Output on CO 2 Emissions: New Evidence from OIC Countries Using a Panel ARDL Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-12, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liton Chandra Voumik & Md. Azharul Islam & Samrat Ray & Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusop & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan, 2023. "CO 2 Emissions from Renewable and Non-Renewable Electricity Generation Sources in the G7 Countries: Static and Dynamic Panel Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Halimahton Borhan & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Mohamad Idham Md Razak & Rozita Naina Mohamed, 2023. "The Dynamic Relationship between Energy Consumption and Level of Unemployment Rates in Malaysia: A Time Series Analysis Based on ARDL Estimation," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 207-214, March.
    3. Temitayo B. Majekodunmi & Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Nor Fadzilah Zainal & Nor Hidayah Harun & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Noorazeela Zainol Abidin & Nur Hayati Abd Rahman, 2023. "Gas Consumption as a Key for Low Carbon State and its Impact on Economic Growth in Malaysia: ARDL Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(3), pages 469-477, May.
    4. Liton Chandra Voumik & Md. Hasanur Rahman & Shohel Md. Nafi & Md. Akter Hossain & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusoff, 2023. "Modelling Sustainable Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Based on the EKC Hypothesis for Africa’s Ten Most Popular Tourist Destinations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, February.
    5. Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusoff & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Thomas Soseco & Wahjoedi & Bagus Shandy Narmaditya & Lim Chee Ann, 2023. "Comprehensive Outlook on Macroeconomic Determinants for Renewable Energy in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Liton Chandra Voumik & Salma Akter & Mohammad Ridwan & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Amin Pujiati & Bestari Dwi Handayani & J. S. Keshminder & Mohamad Idham Md Razak, 2023. "Exploring the Factors behind Renewable Energy Consumption in Indonesia: Analyzing the Impact of Corruption and Innovation using ARDL Model," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(5), pages 115-125, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Taner Akan & Halil İbrahim Gündüz & Tara Vanlı & Ahmet Baran Zeren & Ali Haydar Işık & Tamerlan Mashadihasanli, 2023. "Why are some countries cleaner than others? New evidence from macroeconomic governance," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 6167-6223, July.
    2. Rifat Nahrin & Md. Hasanur Rahman & Shapan Chandra Majumder & Miguel Angel Esquivias, 2023. "Economic Growth and Pollution Nexus in Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela (G-3 Countries): The Role of Renewable Energy in Carbon Dioxide Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hoang, Thi Hong Van & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Roubaud, David, 2017. "Energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in India: New evidence from a nonlinear and asymmetric analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 199-212.
    4. Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh & Zakaria, Muhammad & Hurr, Maryam, 2017. "Carbon emission, energy consumption, trade openness and financial development in Pakistan: A revisit," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 185-192.
    5. Seker, Fahri & Ertugrul, Hasan Murat & Cetin, Murat, 2015. "The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: A bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 347-356.
    6. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Roubaud, David, 2018. "Environmental degradation in France: The effects of FDI, financial development, and energy innovations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 843-857.
    7. Boutabba, Mohamed Amine, 2014. "The impact of financial development, income, energy and trade on carbon emissions: Evidence from the Indian economy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 33-41.
    8. Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur & Alam, Khosrul, 2022. "Impact of industrialization and non-renewable energy on environmental pollution in Australia: Do renewable energy and financial development play a mitigating role?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 203-213.
    9. Ouarda Belkacem Layachi, 2019. "Effects of Energy Prices on Environmental Pollution: Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve for Algeria," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 401-408.
    10. Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin & Muhammad Haseeb & Muhammad Azam & Rabiul Islam, 2015. "Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development, International Trade and Energy Consumption: Panel Data Evidence from Selected ASEAN Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 5(3), pages 841-850.
    11. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hye, Qazi Muhammad Adnan & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Leitão, Nuno Carlos, 2013. "Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 109-121.
    12. Md. Golam Kibria & Ismay Jahan & Jannatul Mawa, 2021. "Asymmetric effect of financial development and energy consumption on environmental degradation in South Asia? New evidence from non-linear ARDL analysis," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(4), pages 1-18, April.
    13. Javid, Muhammad & Sharif, Fatima, 2016. "Environmental Kuznets curve and financial development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 406-414.
    14. Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Ummalla, Mallesh & Apergis, Nicholas, 2016. "The effect of foreign direct investment and stock market growth on clean energy use across a panel of emerging market economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 29-41.
    15. Charfeddine, Lanouar & Ben Khediri, Karim, 2016. "Financial development and environmental quality in UAE: Cointegration with structural breaks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 1322-1335.
    16. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Ahmad, Nawaz & Alam, Shaista, 2016. "Financial development and environmental quality: The way forward," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 353-364.
    17. Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Babu, M. Suresh & Loganathan, Nanthakumar & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2017. "Does financial development intensify energy consumption in Saudi Arabia?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1022-1034.
    18. Zhang, Wenwen & Chiu, Yi-Bin, 2020. "Do country risks influence carbon dioxide emissions? A non-linear perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    19. Ali, Wajahat & Abdullah, Azrai & Azam, Muhammad, 2017. "Re-visiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Malaysia: Fresh evidence from ARDL bounds testing approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 990-1000.
    20. Abdul Rehman & Hengyun Ma & Munir Ahmad & Abdul Rauf, 2023. "Investigating the Dynamic Association Among CO2 Emission, Energy Use, and Economic Growth: Evidence From China," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440211, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:16028-:d:989551. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.