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The Impacts of Energy Use, Tourism and Foreign Workers on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Arifur Rahman Atiqur Rahman

    (Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Shahidan Shaari

    (Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia
    Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia)

  • Faiz Masnan

    (Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia)

  • Miguel Angel Esquivias

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia)

Abstract

Previous studies have investigated various determinants of CO 2 emissions, such as energy use, economic expansion and population growth. However, foreign workers have not been treated as a potential determinant. Therefore, this research embarks on an investigation into the impacts of energy use, foreign workers and tourist arrivals on CO 2 emissions in Malaysia from 1982 to 2018. An ARDL approach was employed, and the findings showed that natural gas and electricity use insignificantly influence CO 2 emissions. Tourist arrivals, coal use and oil use were found to positively influence CO 2 emissions, while foreign workers and population growth insignificantly influence CO 2 emissions. It was found that in the early stages of development, higher GDP negatively influences CO 2 emissions, but in the final stages, higher GDP positively influences CO 2 emissions. These findings are important for formulating policies to reduce environmental degradation stemming from higher CO 2 emissions. Malaysia should use more renewable energy sources, and a carbon tax could be imposed to reduce environmental degradation.

Suggested Citation

  • Arifur Rahman Atiqur Rahman & Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Faiz Masnan & Miguel Angel Esquivias, 2022. "The Impacts of Energy Use, Tourism and Foreign Workers on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2461-:d:754621
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Rifat Nahrin & Md. Hasanur Rahman & Shapan Chandra Majumder & Miguel Angel Esquivias, 2023. "Economic Growth and Pollution Nexus in Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela (G-3 Countries): The Role of Renewable Energy in Carbon Dioxide Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, January.
    2. Khan, Muhammad Tufail & Imran, Muhammad, 2023. "Unveiling the Carbon Footprint of Europe and Central Asia: Insights into the Impact of Key Factors on CO2 Emissions," MPRA Paper 116484, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 22 Feb 2023.
    3. Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Vikniswari Vija Kumaran & Bayu Arie Fianto & Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Miguel Angel Esquivias & Aliashim Albani, 2022. "Reinvestigating the Presence of Environmental Kuznets Curve in Malaysia: The Role of Foreign Direct Investment," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(5), pages 217-225, September.
    4. Miguel Angel Esquivias & Lilik Sugiharti & Hilda Rohmawati & Omar Rojas & Narayan Sethi, 2022. "Nexus between Technological Innovation, Renewable Energy, and Human Capital on the Environmental Sustainability in Emerging Asian Economies: A Panel Quantile Regression Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-16, March.
    5. Liton Chandra Voumik & Md. Hasanur Rahman & Shohel Md. Nafi & Md. Akter Hossain & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusoff, 2023. "Modelling Sustainable Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Based on the EKC Hypothesis for Africa’s Ten Most Popular Tourist Destinations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, February.
    6. Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Wen Chiat Lee & Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Evan Lau & Faiz Masnan, 2022. "The Impacts of Energy Consumption by Sector and Foreign Direct Investment on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.

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