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Incorporating Forests, Agriculture, and Energy Consumption in the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach

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  • Rajan Parajuli

    (Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA)

  • Omkar Joshi

    (Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA)

  • Tek Maraseni

    (Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment (ILSE), University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia)

Abstract

Based on country-specific panel data from 1990–2014 for 86 different countries, we quantify the effects of forests and agricultural land in CO 2 emissions, using the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The results from the dynamic panel data method reveal that forests are an important determinant in reducing CO 2 emissions globally, but the effects vary by region. All else constant, we estimate a 0.11% decline in CO 2 emissions per 1% increase in the forest area globally. However, the agricultural sector is found to be a true CO 2 emitter. Our study provides additional empirical evidence for the roles of forests in regulating atmospheric CO 2 , further reinforcing the importance of forests in global climate change policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Rajan Parajuli & Omkar Joshi & Tek Maraseni, 2019. "Incorporating Forests, Agriculture, and Energy Consumption in the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:9:p:2688-:d:230235
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