IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i16p4351-d256888.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Differences in Tourist Behaviors across the Seasons: The Case of Northern Indiana

Author

Listed:
  • Yeongbae Choe

    (Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China)

  • Hany Kim

    (Department of Tourism and Convention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea)

  • Hyo-Jae Joun

    (Korea Culture & Tourism Institute, Seoul 07511, Korea)

Abstract

Seasonality is an essential factor influencing tourism demand and traveler behavior at the destination. As such, seasonality (i.e., the influx of tourists) needs to be managed by destination marketing organizations. Most tourism studies have focused mainly on the forecasting methods/metrics and the effect of seasonality at the aggregate level rather than understanding seasonal differences in the nature of the traveler and travel experience. The purpose of this study is to understand seasonality at both the aggregate market level and individual traveler level. As such, this study first utilizes the concept of the gravity model to understand seasonality in the number of inquiries through an official website. This study, then, uses seemingly unrelated regressions to estimate simultaneously the effect of various trip-related factors on overall trip expenditures and the length of the trip. The results show that the impact of seasonality on aggregated demand is surprisingly consistent across the seasons; however, individual-level analyses indicate that traveler behavior and travelers’ responses to advertising differ significantly across seasons. Thus, destination marketers need to understand the nature of seasonality of their specific markets more accurately to provide appropriate tourism products/services to their current and potential travelers.

Suggested Citation

  • Yeongbae Choe & Hany Kim & Hyo-Jae Joun, 2019. "Differences in Tourist Behaviors across the Seasons: The Case of Northern Indiana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:16:p:4351-:d:256888
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/16/4351/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/16/4351/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Judith Turrión-Prats & Juan Antonio Duro, 2017. "Tourist seasonality in Catalonia," Tourism Economics, , vol. 23(4), pages 846-853, June.
    2. Everett Lee, 1966. "A theory of migration," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 3(1), pages 47-57, March.
    3. Cecilia Chirieleison & Alessandro Montrone & Luca Scrucca, 2013. "Measuring the Impact of a Profit-Oriented Event on Tourism: The Eurochocolate Festival in Perugia, Italy," Tourism Economics, , vol. 19(6), pages 1411-1428, December.
    4. Javier Capó Parrilla & Antoni Riera Font & Jaume Rosselló Nadal, 2006. "The Accommodation Determinants of Seasonal Patterns," CRE Working Papers (Documents de treball del CRE) 2006/01, Centre de Recerca Econòmica (UIB ·"Sa Nostra"), revised Feb 2006.
    5. Duro, Juan Antonio, 2016. "Seasonality of hotel demand in the main Spanish provinces: Measurements and decomposition exercises," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 52-63.
    6. Connell, Joanne & Page, Stephen J. & Meyer, Denny, 2015. "Visitor attractions and events: Responding to seasonality," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 283-298.
    7. Pike, Steven & Page, Stephen J., 2014. "Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 202-227.
    8. Fernández-Morales, Antonio & Cisneros-Martínez, José David & McCabe, Scott, 2016. "Seasonal concentration of tourism demand: Decomposition analysis and marketing implications," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 172-190.
    9. Lo Magno, Giovanni L. & Ferrante, Mauro & De Cantis, Stefano, 2017. "A new index for measuring seasonality: A transportation cost approach," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 55-65.
    10. Christer Thrane, 2015. "On the Relationship between Length of Stay and Total Trip Expenditures: A Case Study of Instrumental Variable (IV) Regression Analysis," Tourism Economics, , vol. 21(2), pages 357-367, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dimitrios TSIOTAS & Thomas KRABOKOUKIS & Serafeim POLYZOS, 2020. "Detecting Interregional Patterns In Tourism Seasonality Of Greece: A Principal Components Analysis Approach," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 91-112, June.
    2. Dimitrios Tsiotas & Thomas Krabokoukis & Serafeim Polyzos, 2021. "Detecting Tourism Typologies of Regional Destinations Based on Their Spatio-Temporal and Socioeconomic Performance: A Correlation-Based Complex Network Approach for the Case of Greece," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-27, February.
    3. Miguel Angel Ruiz Palacios & Cristiana Pereira Texeira de Oliveira & José Serrano González & Soledad Saénz Flores, 2021. "Analysis of Tourist Systems Predictive Models Applied to Growing Sun and Beach Tourist Destination," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-24, January.
    4. Ziye Shang & Jian Ming Luo & Anthony Kong, 2022. "Topic Modelling for Ski Resorts: An Analysis of Experience Attributes and Seasonality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Antonio Fern�ndez-Morales, 2017. "Tourism Mobility In Time And Seasonality In Tourism," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 71(2), pages 21-30, April-Jun.
    2. Dimitrios Tsiotas & Thomas Krabokoukis & Serafeim Polyzos, 2021. "Detecting Tourism Typologies of Regional Destinations Based on Their Spatio-Temporal and Socioeconomic Performance: A Correlation-Based Complex Network Approach for the Case of Greece," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-27, February.
    3. Dimitrios TSIOTAS & Thomas KRABOKOUKIS & Serafeim POLYZOS, 2020. "Detecting Interregional Patterns In Tourism Seasonality Of Greece: A Principal Components Analysis Approach," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 91-112, June.
    4. Fernández-Morales, Antonio & Cisneros-Martínez, José David & McCabe, Scott, 2016. "Seasonal concentration of tourism demand: Decomposition analysis and marketing implications," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 172-190.
    5. Duro Moreno, Juan Antonio & Turrión Prats, Judith, 2018. "Tourism seasonality worldwide," Working Papers 2072/351586, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics.
    6. Paz Rico & Bernardí Cabrer-Borrás & Francisco Morillas-Jurado, 2021. "Seasonality in Tourism: Do Senior Programs Mitigate It?," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(16), pages 1-27, August.
    7. Boto-García, David & Pérez, Levi, 2023. "The effect of high-speed rail connectivity and accessibility on tourism seasonality," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    8. Getz, Donald & Page, Stephen J., 2016. "Progress and prospects for event tourism research," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 593-631.
    9. Kenichi Shimamoto, 2019. "Examining the Seasonality of Travel-Related Expenditure by Travel Purpose: The Case of Japan," Academica Turistica - Tourism and Innovation Journal, University of Primorska Press, vol. 12(1), pages 55-72.
    10. Frédéric Dobruszkes & Jean-Michel Decroly & Pere Suau-Sanchez, 2022. "The monthly rhythms of aviation: A global analysis of passenger air service seasonality," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/341140, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    11. Martínez, José Manuel Guaita & Martín, José María Martín & Rey, María del Sol Ostos, 2020. "An analysis of the changes in the seasonal patterns of tourist behavior during a process of economic recovery," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    12. Lau, Pong-Lung & Koo, Tay T.R. & Dwyer, Larry, 2017. "Metrics to measure the geographic characteristics of tourism markets: An integrated approach based on Gini index decomposition," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 171-181.
    13. Eli Marušić & Joško Šoda & Maja Krčum, 2020. "The Three-Parameter Classification Model of Seasonal Fluctuations in the Croatian Nautical Port System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.
    14. Rosselló, Jaume & Sansó, Andreu, 2017. "Yearly, monthly and weekly seasonality of tourism demand: A decomposition analysis," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 379-389.
    15. Anna Serena Vergori & Serena Arima, 2022. "Transport modes and tourism seasonality in Italy: By air or by road?," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(3), pages 583-598, May.
    16. Lo Magno, Giovanni L. & Ferrante, Mauro & De Cantis, Stefano, 2017. "A new index for measuring seasonality: A transportation cost approach," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 55-65.
    17. Thomas KRABOKOUKIS & Serafeim POLYZOS, 2022. "Drawing An Indicator Of Tourism Competitiveness And Examining Its Relationship With Tourism Seasonality For The Greek Prefectures," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 55-70, June.
    18. Nidal Alzboun, 2018. "Measuring Seasonality of Tourism Demand in Petra, Jordan (2006-2017)," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(9), pages 131-131, September.
    19. Dehui Christina Geng & John L. Innes & Wanli Wu & Weiwei Wang & Guangyu Wang, 2021. "Seasonal Variation in Visitor Satisfaction and Its Management Implications in Banff National Park," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    20. Laila Touhami Morghem & Khawlah Ali Abdalla Spetan, 2020. "Determinants of International Migration: An Applied Study on Selected Arab Countries (1995-2017)," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 10(2), pages 6-19.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:16:p:4351-:d:256888. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.