IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i7p2531-d342491.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Urbanization and Economic Growth on CO 2 Emission: A Case of Far East Asian Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Asim Anwar

    (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock 43600, Pakistan)

  • Mustafa Younis

    (Department of Health Policy & Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA)

  • Inayat Ullah

    (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock 43600, Pakistan)

Abstract

Rising CO 2 emission constitute a great threat to the world environment and public health. This study examines the major determinants of CO 2 emissions in Far East countries in the period of 1980 to 2017. We adopt a panel data-fixed effect model that accounts for time-invariant country-specific characteristics that may create omitted-variable bias. We also additionally take care of the time trend by applying an annual fixed effect into our model. The study finds that urbanization, economic growth and trade openness significantly determine CO 2 emission in the selected countries. Thus, the main policy suggestions are (a) to encourage green and sustainable urbanization, as it helps in economic progress but not at the expense of environmental deterioration; (b) to strategically regulate and improve industrial structure; and (c) enhance sharing of renewable energy in total energy consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Asim Anwar & Mustafa Younis & Inayat Ullah, 2020. "Impact of Urbanization and Economic Growth on CO 2 Emission: A Case of Far East Asian Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-8, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2531-:d:342491
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2531/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2531/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Baek, Jungho, 2015. "Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: The case of Arctic countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 13-17.
    2. Goodness C. Aye & Prosper Ebruvwiyo Edoja, 2017. "Effect of economic growth on CO2 emission in developing countries: Evidence from a dynamic panel threshold model," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1379239-137, January.
    3. Grossman, G.M & Krueger, A.B., 1991. "Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement," Papers 158, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
    4. Ghali, Khalifa H. & El-Sakka, M. I. T., 2004. "Energy use and output growth in Canada: a multivariate cointegration analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 225-238, March.
    5. Jeyhun I. Mikayilov & Marzio Galeotti & Fakhri J. Hasanov, 2018. "The Impact of Economic Growth on CO2 Emissions in Azerbaijan," IEFE Working Papers 102, IEFE, Center for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics and Policy, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    6. Andersson, Roland & Quigley, John M. & Wilhelmsson, Mats, 2009. "Urbanization, productivity, and innovation: Evidence from investment in higher education," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 2-15, July.
    7. Muhammad, Bashir, 2019. "Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in developed, emerging and Middle East and North Africa countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 232-245.
    8. Akinlo, A.E., 2008. "Energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from 11 Sub-Sahara African countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 2391-2400, September.
    9. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasreen, Samia & Ahmed, Khalid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2017. "Trade openness–carbon emissions nexus: The importance of turning points of trade openness for country panels," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 221-232.
    10. Pao, Hsiao-Tien & Tsai, Chung-Ming, 2010. "CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in BRIC countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(12), pages 7850-7860, December.
    11. Ghosh, Sajal & Kanjilal, Kakali, 2014. "Long-term equilibrium relationship between urbanization, energy consumption and economic activity: Empirical evidence from India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 324-331.
    12. Azevedo, Vitor G. & Sartori, Simone & Campos, Lucila M.S., 2018. "CO2 emissions: A quantitative analysis among the BRICS nations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 107-115.
    13. Wang, Ping & Wu, Wanshui & Zhu, Bangzhu & Wei, Yiming, 2013. "Examining the impact factors of energy-related CO2 emissions using the STIRPAT model in Guangdong Province, China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 65-71.
    14. Xu, Tao, 2018. "Investigating Environmental Kuznets Curve in China–Aggregation bias and policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 315-322.
    15. Soytas, Ugur & Sari, Ramazan, 2003. "Energy consumption and GDP: causality relationship in G-7 countries and emerging markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 33-37, January.
    16. Salahuddin, Mohammad & Gow, Jeff, 2014. "Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 44-58.
    17. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E. & Menyah, Kojo & Wolde-Rufael, Yemane, 2010. "On the causal dynamics between emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and economic growth," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 2255-2260, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Qi Xu & Salim Khan, 2023. "How Do R&D and Renewable Energy Consumption Lead to Carbon Neutrality? Evidence from G-7 Economies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Xi Liu & Yugang He & Renhong Wu, 2024. "Revolutionizing Environmental Sustainability: The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Technologies in OECD Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-21, January.
    3. Vera Marcantonio & Marcello De Falco & Enrico Bocci, 2022. "Non-Thermal Plasma Technology for CO 2 Conversion—An Overview of the Most Relevant Experimental Results and Kinetic Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Nawaz Ahmad & Ghulam Ghouse & Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti & Aribah Aslam, 2023. "The Impact of Social Inclusion and Financial Development on CO 2 Emissions: Panel Analysis from Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Shruti Kanga & Suraj Kumar Singh & Gowhar Meraj & Anup Kumar & Ruby Parveen & Nikola Kranjčić & Bojan Đurin, 2022. "Assessment of the Impact of Urbanization on Geoenvironmental Settings Using Geospatial Techniques: A Study of Panchkula District, Haryana," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-10, January.
    6. Abudureheman, Maliyamu & Jiang, Qingzhe & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Cong, 2022. "Spatial effects of dynamic comprehensive energy efficiency on CO2 reduction in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    7. Jahanger, Atif & Hossain, Mohammad Razib & Usman, Muhammad & Chukwuma Onwe, Joshua, 2023. "Recent scenario and nexus between natural resource dependence, energy use and pollution cycles in BRICS region: Does the mediating role of human capital exist?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    8. Ali, Amjad & Sumaira, Sumaira & Siddique, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar & Ashiq, Saima, 2023. "Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 118832, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Yuan Wang & Zhou Pan & Yue Li & Yaling Lu & Yiming Dong & Liying Ping, 2022. "Optimization of Emission Reduction Target in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region: An Atmospheric Transfer Coefficient Matrix Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.
    10. Omar M. Alkasasbeh & Abdalla Alassuli & Amro Alzghoul, 2023. "Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in Middle East," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(1), pages 322-327, January.
    11. Liao, Jixiang & Liu, Xingye & Zhou, Xueyan & Tursunova, Nargiza Rakhimovna, 2023. "Analyzing the role of renewable energy transition and industrialization on ecological sustainability: Can green innovation matter in OECD countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 141-151.
    12. Pingtao Yi & Qiankun Dong & Weiwei Li & Lu Wang, 2023. "Assessment of city sustainability with the consideration of synergy among economy–society–environment criteria," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(8), pages 7645-7668, August.
    13. Heri Bezić & Davor Mance & Davorin Balaž, 2022. "Panel Evidence from EU Countries on CO 2 Emission Indicators during the Fourth Industrial Revolution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, October.
    14. Rigyan Gupta & Mohammad Joyel Sarkar & Md. Shafiqul Islam & Md. Romij Uddin & Israt Jahan Riza & Sirajam Monira & Farhana Zaman & Ahmed Khairul Hasan & A. K. M. Mominul Islam & Abeer Hashem & Graciela, 2023. "Introducing New Cropping Pattern to Increase Cropping Intensity in Hill Tract Area in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-12, July.
    15. Arvind Goswami & Harmanpreet Singh Kapoor & Rajesh Kumar Jangir & Caspar Njoroge Ngigi & Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia & Vijay Kumar Chattu, 2023. "Impact of Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Urbanization and Energy Consumption on Carbon Emissions: A Study of India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, June.
    16. Kojić, Milena & Schlüter, Stephan & Mitić, Petar & Hanić, Aida, 2022. "Economy-environment nexus in developed European countries: Evidence from multifractal and wavelet analysis," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    17. Atif Jahanger & Yang Yu & Ashar Awan & Muhammad Zubair Chishti & Magdalena Radulescu & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, 2022. "The Impact of Hydropower Energy in Malaysia Under the EKC Hypothesis: Evidence From Quantile ARDL Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(3), pages 21582440221, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sofien, Tiba & Omri, Anis, 2016. "Literature survey on the relationships between energy variables, environment and economic growth," MPRA Paper 82555, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 14 Sep 2016.
    2. Tiba, Sofien & Omri, Anis, 2017. "Literature survey on the relationships between energy, environment and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1129-1146.
    3. Habib Ur Rahman & Umer Zaman & Jarosław Górecki, 2021. "The Role of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Globalization in Environmental Degradation: Empirical Evidence from the BRICS Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, February.
    4. Seyfettin Erdo an & Durmu a r Y ld r m & Ayfer Gedikli, 2019. "Investigation of Causality Analysis between Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions: The Case of BRICS T Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(6), pages 430-438.
    5. Hbib Sekrafi & Asma Sghaier, 2018. "Examining the Relationship Between Corruption, Economic Growth, Environmental Degradation, and Energy Consumption: a Panel Analysis in MENA Region," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 9(3), pages 963-979, September.
    6. Kanjilal, Kakali & Ghosh, Sajal, 2013. "Environmental Kuznet’s curve for India: Evidence from tests for cointegration with unknown structuralbreaks," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 509-515.
    7. Ghosh, Sajal, 2010. "Examining carbon emissions economic growth nexus for India: A multivariate cointegration approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(6), pages 3008-3014, June.
    8. Irfan Khan & Fujun Hou, 2021. "The Impact of Socio-economic and Environmental Sustainability on CO2 Emissions: A Novel Framework for Thirty IEA Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 155(3), pages 1045-1076, June.
    9. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi & Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan & Gbenga Daniel Akinsola & Wing-Keung Wong & Husam Rjoub, 2021. "Sustainability of Energy-Induced Growth Nexus in Brazil: Do Carbon Emissions and Urbanization Matter?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-21, April.
    10. Mehmet Balcilar & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir & Huseyin Ozdemir & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2018. "Carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: The historical decomposition evidence from G-7 countries," Working Papers 15-41, Eastern Mediterranean University, Department of Economics.
    11. Mehmet Balcilar & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir & Bedriye Tunçsiper & Huseyin Ozdemir & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2020. "On the nexus among carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in G-7 countries: new insights from the historical decomposition approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(8), pages 8097-8134, December.
    12. Lin, Boqiang & Moubarak, Mohamed & Ouyang, Xiaoling, 2014. "Carbon dioxide emissions and growth of the manufacturing sector: Evidence for China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 830-837.
    13. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Filis, George, 2015. "Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Economic Growth: A Moral Dilemma," MPRA Paper 67422, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Zhang, Wenwen & Chiu, Yi-Bin, 2020. "Do country risks influence carbon dioxide emissions? A non-linear perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    15. Hasanov, Fakhri & Bulut, Cihan & Suleymanov, Elchin, 2017. "Review of energy-growth nexus: A panel analysis for ten Eurasian oil exporting countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 369-386.
    16. Ahmad, Ashfaq & Zhao, Yuhuan & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Bano, Sadia & Zhang, Zhonghua & Wang, Song & Liu, Ya, 2016. "Carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: An aggregate and disaggregate analysis of the Indian economy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 131-143.
    17. Rahman, Md Saifur & Junsheng, Ha & Shahari, Farihana & Aslam, Mohamed & Masud, Muhammad Mehedi & Banna, Hasanul & Liya, Ma, 2015. "Long-run relationship between sectoral productivity and energy consumption in Malaysia: An aggregated and disaggregated viewpoint," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 436-445.
    18. Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday & Awosusi, Abraham Ayobamiji & Bekun, Festus Victor & Altuntaş, Mehmet, 2021. "Coal energy consumption beat renewable energy consumption in South Africa: Developing policy framework for sustainable development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1012-1024.
    19. Chen, Chaoyi & Pinar, Mehmet & Stengos, Thanasis, 2022. "Renewable energy and CO2 emissions: New evidence with the panel threshold model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 117-128.
    20. Iyke, Bernard Njindan, 2015. "Electricity consumption and economic growth in Nigeria: A revisit of the energy-growth debate," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 166-176.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2531-:d:342491. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.