IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i3p1345-d1048185.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Review and Perspectives of Key Decarbonization Drivers to 2030

Author

Listed:
  • Massimo Beccarello

    (Department of Business and Law, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy)

  • Giacomo Di Foggia

    (Department of Business and Law, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy)

Abstract

Global climate policy commitments are encouraging the development of EU energy policies aimed at paving the way for cleaner energy systems. This article reviews key decarbonization drivers for Italy considering higher environmental targets from recent European Union climate policies. Energy efficiency, the electrification of final consumption, the development of green fuels, increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the electric system, and carbon capture and storage are reviewed. A 2030 scenario is designed to forecast the role of decarbonization drivers in future energy systems and to compare their implementation with that in the current situation. Energy efficiency measures will reduce final energy consumption by 15.6%, as primary energy consumption will decrease by 19.8%. The electrification of final consumption is expected to increase by 6.08%. The use of green fuels is estimated to triple as innovative fuels may go to market at scale to uphold the ambitious decarbonization targets set in the transportation sector. The growing trajectory of renewable sources in the energy mix is confirmed, as while power generation is projected to increase by 10%, the share of renewables in that generation is expected to increase from 39.08% to 78.16%. Capture and storage technologies are also expected to play an increasingly important role. This article has policy implications and serves as a regulatory reference in the promotion of decarbonization investments.

Suggested Citation

  • Massimo Beccarello & Giacomo Di Foggia, 2023. "Review and Perspectives of Key Decarbonization Drivers to 2030," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1345-:d:1048185
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1345/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1345/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. de Perthuis, Christian & Trotignon, Raphael, 2014. "Governance of CO2 markets: Lessons from the EU ETS," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 100-106.
    2. Pedro Linares & Xavier Labandeira, 2010. "Energy Efficiency: Economics And Policy," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(3), pages 573-592, July.
    3. Bellocchi, Sara & Manno, Michele & Noussan, Michel & Prina, Matteo Giacomo & Vellini, Michela, 2020. "Electrification of transport and residential heating sectors in support of renewable penetration: Scenarios for the Italian energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    4. Hainsch, Karlo & Löffler, Konstantin & Burandt, Thorsten & Auer, Hans & Crespo del Granado, Pedro & Pisciella, Paolo & Zwickl-Bernhard, Sebastian, 2022. "Energy transition scenarios: What policies, societal attitudes, and technology developments will realize the EU Green Deal?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    5. Zaklan, Aleksandar & Wachsmuth, Jakob & Duscha, Vicki, 2021. "The EU ETS to 2030 and beyond: adjusting the cap in light of the 1.5°C target and current energy policies," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 21(6), pages 778-791.
    6. Tobias Haas & Hendrik Sander, 2020. "Decarbonizing Transport in the European Union: Emission Performance Standards and the Perspectives for a European Green Deal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-15, October.
    7. repec:dau:papers:123456789/13539 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Sonja Sechi & Sara Giarola & Pierluigi Leone, 2022. "Taxonomy for Industrial Cluster Decarbonization: An Analysis for the Italian Hard-to-Abate Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-31, November.
    9. Corinne Le Quéré & Jan Ivar Korsbakken & Charlie Wilson & Jale Tosun & Robbie Andrew & Robert J. Andres & Josep G. Canadell & Andrew Jordan & Glen P. Peters & Detlef P. van Vuuren, 2019. "Drivers of declining CO2 emissions in 18 developed economies," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 9(3), pages 213-217, March.
    10. Di Foggia, Giacomo & Beccarello, Massimo & Borgarello, Marco & Bazzocchi, Francesca & Moscarelli, Stefano, 2022. "Market-Based Instruments to Promote Energy Efficiency: Insights from the Italian Case," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16.
    11. Giacomo Di Foggia & Massimo Beccarello & Marco Borgarello & Francesca Bazzocchi & Stefano Moscarelli, 2022. "Market-Based Instruments to Promote Energy Efficiency: Insights from the Italian Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    12. Le Treut, Gaëlle & Lefèvre, Julien & Lallana, Francisco & Bravo, Gonzalo, 2021. "The multi-level economic impacts of deep decarbonization strategies for the energy system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    13. Schleich, Joachim & Durand, Antoine & Brugger, Heike, 2021. "How effective are EU minimum energy performance standards and energy labels for cold appliances?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    14. Othman, Mohd Fahmi & Adam, Abdullah & Najafi, G. & Mamat, Rizalman, 2017. "Green fuel as alternative fuel for diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 694-709.
    15. Li, Mengyu & Weng, Yuyan & Duan, Maosheng, 2019. "Emissions, energy and economic impacts of linking China’s national ETS with the EU ETS," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1235-1244.
    16. Sergey Paltsev, 2017. "Energy scenarios: the value and limits of scenario analysis," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(4), July.
    17. Besagni, Giorgio & Premoli Vilà, Lidia & Borgarello, Marco & Trabucchi, Andrea & Merlo, Marco & Rodeschini, Jacopo & Finazzi, Francesco, 2021. "Electrification pathways of the Italian residential sector under socio-demographic constrains: Looking towards 2040," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    18. Massimo Beccarello & Giacomo Di Foggia, 2022. "Economic Impact of Energy Efficiency Policies: A Scenario Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(12), pages 1-1, December.
    19. Arjan De Koning & Gjalt Huppes & Sebastiaan Deetman & Arnold Tukker, 2016. "Scenarios for a 2 °C world: a trade-linked input--output model with high sector detail," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(3), pages 301-317, April.
    20. Nieto, Jaime & Carpintero, Óscar & Lobejón, Luis Fernando & Miguel, Luis Javier, 2020. "An ecological macroeconomics model: The energy transition in the EU," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    21. Globisch, Joachim & Dütschke, Elisabeth & Schleich, Joachim, 2018. "Acceptance of electric passenger cars in commercial fleets," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 122-129.
    22. Herweg, Fabian, 2020. "Overlapping efforts in the EU Emissions Trading System," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    23. Paltsev, Sergey & Morris, Jennifer & Kheshgi, Haroon & Herzog, Howard, 2021. "Hard-to-Abate Sectors: The role of industrial carbon capture and storage (CCS) in emission mitigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    24. Di Foggia, Giacomo, 2021. "Energy-Efficient Products and Competitiveness in the Manufacturing Sector," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 7(1).
    25. Kihm, Alexander & Trommer, Stefan, 2014. "The new car market for electric vehicles and the potential for fuel substitution," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 147-157.
    26. Di Foggia, Giacomo, 2018. "Energy efficiency measures in buildings for achieving sustainable development goals," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 4(11).
    27. Brouwer, Anne Sjoerd & van den Broek, Machteld & Seebregts, Ad & Faaij, André, 2015. "Operational flexibility and economics of power plants in future low-carbon power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 107-128.
    28. Sorknæs, Peter & Johannsen, Rasmus M. & Korberg, Andrei D. & Nielsen, Tore B. & Petersen, Uni R. & Mathiesen, Brian V., 2022. "Electrification of the industrial sector in 100% renewable energy scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jānis Krūmiņš & Māris Kļaviņš, 2023. "Investigating the Potential of Nuclear Energy in Achieving a Carbon-Free Energy Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-31, April.
    2. Giacomo Di Foggia & Massimo Beccarello & Ugo Arrigo, 2023. "Assessment of the European Emissions Trading System’s Impact on Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Oksana Seroka-Stolka, 2023. "Enhancing Environmental Sustainability: Stakeholder Pressure and Corporate CO 2 -Related Performance—An Examination of the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Corporate Decarbonization Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Kristiana Dolge & Dagnija Blumberga, 2023. "Transitioning to Clean Energy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Renewable Electricity Generation in the EU-27," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-27, September.
    5. Chun-Kai Wang & Chien-Ming Lee, 2024. "Power System Decarbonization Assessment: A Case Study from Taiwan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-19, February.
    6. Marcelo Azevedo Benetti & Florin Iov, 2023. "A Novel Scheme to Allocate the Green Energy Transportation Costs—Application to Carbon Captured and Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-20, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    2. Anke, Carl-Philipp & Hobbie, Hannes & Schreiber, Steffi & Möst, Dominik, 2020. "Coal phase-outs and carbon prices: Interactions between EU emission trading and national carbon mitigation policies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    3. Chang, Miguel & Lund, Henrik & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Østergaard, Poul Alberg, 2023. "Perspectives on purpose-driven coupling of energy system models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    4. Yan Xiao & Yan Zhang & Jiekuan Zhang, 2023. "The Impact of Carbon Emission Trading on Industrial Green Total Factor Productivity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, April.
    5. Amaia de Ayala & María del Mar Solà, 2022. "Assessing the EU Energy Efficiency Label for Appliances: Issues, Potential Improvements and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, June.
    6. Suomalainen, Kiti & Wen, Le & Sheng, Mingyue Selena & Sharp, Basil, 2022. "Climate change impact on the cost of decarbonisation in a hydro-based power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    7. Giacomo Di Foggia & Massimo Beccarello & Ugo Arrigo, 2023. "Assessment of the European Emissions Trading System’s Impact on Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    8. Adam Dominiak & Artur Rusowicz, 2022. "Change of Fossil-Fuel-Related Carbon Productivity Index of the Main Manufacturing Sectors in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-14, September.
    9. de Miguel, Carlos & Labandeira, Xavier & Löschel, Andreas, 2015. "Frontiers in the economics of energy efficiency," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(S1), pages 1-4.
    10. Tiruwork B. Tibebu & Eric Hittinger & Qing Miao & Eric Williams, 2024. "Adoption Model Choice Affects the Optimal Subsidy for Residential Solar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-19, February.
    11. Gnann, Till & Stephens, Thomas S. & Lin, Zhenhong & Plötz, Patrick & Liu, Changzheng & Brokate, Jens, 2018. "What drives the market for plug-in electric vehicles? - A review of international PEV market diffusion models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 158-164.
    12. Löschel, Andreas & Pothen, Frank & Schymura, Michael, 2015. "Peeling the onion: Analyzing aggregate, national and sectoral energy intensity in the European Union," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(S1), pages 63-75.
    13. Stančin, H. & Mikulčić, H. & Wang, X. & Duić, N., 2020. "A review on alternative fuels in future energy system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    14. Park, Hojeong & Hong, Won Kyung, 2014. "Korea׳s emission trading scheme and policy design issues to achieve market-efficiency and abatement targets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 73-83.
    15. Zhao, Xiaoli & Chen, Haoran & Liu, Suwei & Ye, Xiaomei, 2020. "Economic & environmental effects of priority dispatch of renewable energy considering fluctuating power output of coal-fired units," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 695-707.
    16. Alimou, Yacine & Maïzi, Nadia & Bourmaud, Jean-Yves & Li, Marion, 2020. "Assessing the security of electricity supply through multi-scale modeling: The TIMES-ANTARES linking approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    17. Lígia da Silva Lima & Louise Cocquyt & Lucia Mancini & Erasmo Cadena & Jo Dewulf, 2023. "The role of raw materials to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals: Tracing the risks and positive contributions of cobalt along the lithium‐ion battery supply chain," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(3), pages 777-794, June.
    18. Kruyt, Bert & Lehning, Michael & Kahl, Annelen, 2017. "Potential contributions of wind power to a stable and highly renewable Swiss power supply," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 1-11.
    19. Arik Levinson, 2017. "Energy Intensity: Prices, Policy, or Composition in US States," Working Papers gueconwpa~17-17-04, Georgetown University, Department of Economics.
    20. Leonard Goke & Jens Weibezahn & Christian von Hirschhausen, 2021. "A collective blueprint, not a crystal ball: How expectations and participation shape long-term energy scenarios," Papers 2112.04821, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1345-:d:1048185. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.