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International Comparison of Research and Investments in New Renewable Electricity Technologies: A Focus on the European Union and China

Author

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  • Wina Crijns-Graus

    (Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • Patricia Wild

    (Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany)

  • Mehdi Parvizi Amineh

    (Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden University, 2311 GJ Leiden, The Netherlands)

  • Jing Hu

    (Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands)

  • Hui Yue

    (Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
    Center for Energy, Environment & Economy Research, Zhengzhou University, Science Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

Abstract

There are many promising renewable energy (RE) technologies that could help increase the contribution of RE in energy supply but which are not yet commercially available. The development rate of new RE technologies depends on many factors, such as Research and Development (R&D) efforts and policies. This study focuses on comparing China’s efforts regarding the development of new RE technologies (e.g., wave and tidal, binary geothermal power, floating solar, micro hydro, osmotic energy, floating offshore wind and vertical axis wind turbines) with those of the European Union (EU). For this purpose, we collected data from publications and databases and analysed several indicators: e.g., the development of renewable electricity generation and capacity, demonstration projects, investments in R&D and patent applications. The results show that China has become a big player globally for mainstream renewable electricity (hydropower, wind and solar PV). This development is due to China’s industrial policy and prioritization of effectiveness over cost efficiency. The main developments in China occurred in the 2010s, while the EU was a frontrunner in the 2000s. For the newer or less mainstream technologies, the application in China is still low, compared to the EU, except for floating solar, where China is a lead player. Regarding patent applications, China has shown a higher application amount compared to the EU since 2006. However, only a small share of China’s patents are valid internationally. We conclude that China has emerged as a big player in mainstream renewable energy technologies over the last decade. In regard to new renewable energy technologies, China is predominantly involved in solar energy and, in comparison to the EU, less in other new technologies (e.g., binary geothermal systems and ocean energy).

Suggested Citation

  • Wina Crijns-Graus & Patricia Wild & Mehdi Parvizi Amineh & Jing Hu & Hui Yue, 2022. "International Comparison of Research and Investments in New Renewable Electricity Technologies: A Focus on the European Union and China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:17:p:6383-:d:903804
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chaoyang Chen & Hualing Liu & Yong Xiao & Fagen Zhu & Li Ding & Fuwen Yang, 2022. "Power Generation Scheduling for a Hydro-Wind-Solar Hybrid System: A Systematic Survey and Prospect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-31, November.
    2. Abdul Hayy Haziq Mohamad & Muhamad Rias K. V. Zainuddin & Rossazana Ab-Rahim, 2023. "Does Renewable Energy Transition in the USA and China Overcome Environmental Degradation?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 234-243, November.
    3. Khairul Eahsun Fahim & Liyanage C. De Silva & Fayaz Hussain & Sk. A. Shezan & Hayati Yassin, 2023. "An Evaluation of ASEAN Renewable Energy Path to Carbon Neutrality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-27, April.
    4. Volodimir Holovko & Volodimir Kohanevich & Mikola Shikhailov & Artem Donets & Mihailo Maksymeniuk & Olena Sukmaniuk & Savelii Kukharets & Ryszard Konieczny & Adam Koniuszy & Barbara Dybek & Grzegorz W, 2022. "Unconventional Energy from an Electric Impulse Heater Combined with a Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-12, November.

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