IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i24p8428-d702135.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Efficiency of Implementing Climate/Energy Targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Structural Diversity between Old and New Member States

Author

Listed:
  • Malgorzata Klaudia Guzowska

    (Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 64, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Barbara Kryk

    (Department of Economics, Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 64, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

The most important goals included in the Europe 2020 Strategy are climate/energy targets, which determine not only the achievement of its other goals but also climate neutrality by 2050. This article aims to assess the efficiency of implementing the climate/energy targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy and to analyse changes over time, taking into consideration the structural diversity between the old (EU 15) and new EU members (EU 13) in the period of 2014–2018. The assessment of changes in the efficiency of climate/energy targets over time adds value to the evaluation methods used to date in this area. This was done using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index. Earlier works usually specified only the level of target achievement, mostly jointly in relation to all of the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The efficiency of their implementation at the macroeconomic level has not been studied. Furthermore, the added value of this paper consists in obtaining additional information concerning the internal structure and character of the studied efficiency of old and new member states. Changes in the efficiency level have been analysed with regard to the key climate/energy indicators used to monitor the Europe 2020 Strategy. Based on the results, the EU countries were divided into six groups with similar levels of efficiency in achieving energy and climate objectives and ranked using the DEA–Malmquist index according to changes in their level over time. This makes it possible not only to assess the performance of countries but also to formulate recommendations for decision-makers.

Suggested Citation

  • Malgorzata Klaudia Guzowska & Barbara Kryk, 2021. "Efficiency of Implementing Climate/Energy Targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Structural Diversity between Old and New Member States," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8428-:d:702135
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8428/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8428/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hultman, Nathan E. & Malone, Elizabeth L. & Runci, Paul & Carlock, Gregory & Anderson, Kate L., 2012. "Factors in low-carbon energy transformations: Comparing nuclear and bioenergy in Brazil, Sweden, and the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 131-146.
    2. Golany, B & Roll, Y, 1989. "An application procedure for DEA," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 237-250.
    3. Wheelock, David C & Wilson, Paul W, 1995. "Explaining Bank Failures: Deposit Insurance, Regulation, and Efficiency," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 77(4), pages 689-700, November.
    4. Gabor Rappai, 2016. "Europe En Route to 2020: A New Way of Evaluating the Overall Fulfillment of the Europe 2020 Strategic Goals," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 129(1), pages 77-93, October.
    5. Lindmark, Magnus & Bergquist, Ann-Kristin & Andersson, Lars Fredrik, 2011. "Energy transition, carbon dioxide reduction and output growth in the Swedish pulp and paper industry: 1973-2006," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 5449-5456, September.
    6. Parajuli, Ranjan, 2012. "Looking into the Danish energy system: Lesson to be learned by other communities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 2191-2199.
    7. Rouselle Lavado & Emilyn Cabanda, 2009. "The efficiency of health and education expenditures in the Philippines," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 17(3), pages 275-291, September.
    8. Bogdan Włodarczyk & Daniela Firoiu & George H. Ionescu & Florin Ghiocel & Marek Szturo & Lesław Markowski, 2021. "Assessing the Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Sources Relationship in EU Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-16, April.
    9. Zhao, Haoran & Guo, Sen & Zhao, Huiru, 2019. "Provincial energy efficiency of China quantified by three-stage data envelopment analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 96-107.
    10. Mihaela Simionescu & Yuriy Bilan & Emília Krajňáková & Dalia Streimikiene & Stanisław Gędek, 2019. "Renewable Energy in the Electricity Sector and GDP per Capita in the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-15, June.
    11. Adam P. Balcerzak, 2015. "Europe 2020 Strategy and Structural Diversity Between Old and New Member States. Application of zero-unitarizatin method for dynamic analysis in the years 2004-2013," Working Papers 122/2015, Institute of Economic Research, revised Apr 2015.
    12. Magdalena Ligus & Piotr Peternek, 2021. "The Sustainable Energy Development Index—An Application for European Union Member States," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-32, February.
    13. United Nations UN, 2015. "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," Working Papers id:7559, eSocialSciences.
    14. Tomasz Rokicki & Aleksandra Perkowska, 2021. "Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, February.
    15. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E., 1978. "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 2(6), pages 429-444, November.
    16. Jiandong Chen & Ming Gao & Ding Li & Malin Song, 2020. "Analysis of the rebound effects of fossil and nonfossil energy in China based on sustainable development," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(1), pages 235-246, January.
    17. W. Cooper & L. Seiford & K. Tone & J. Zhu, 2007. "Some models and measures for evaluating performances with DEA: past accomplishments and future prospects," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 151-163, December.
    18. Liobikienė, Genovaitė & Butkus, Mindaugas, 2017. "The European Union possibilities to achieve targets of Europe 2020 and Paris agreement climate policy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 298-309.
    19. Michaela Stanickova, 2017. "Can the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals be efficient? The challenge for achieving social equality in the European Union," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 12(3), pages 383-398, September.
    20. Paolo Pasimeni, 2013. "The Europe 2020 Index," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 110(2), pages 613-635, January.
    21. Magdalena Tutak & Jarosław Brodny & Peter Bindzár, 2021. "Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-32, March.
    22. Roman Vavrek & Jana Chovancová, 2020. "Energy Performance of the European Union Countries in Terms of Reaching the European Energy Union Objectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-16, October.
    23. Theofano Fotiou & Alessia de Vita & Pantelis Capros, 2019. "Economic-Engineering Modelling of the Buildings Sector to Study the Transition towards Deep Decarbonisation in the EU," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-28, July.
    24. Timothy J. Coelli & D.S. Prasada Rao & Christopher J. O’Donnell & George E. Battese, 2005. "An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis," Springer Books, Springer, edition 0, number 978-0-387-25895-9, December.
    25. Wiktoria Sobczyk & Eugeniusz Jacek Sobczyk, 2021. "Varying the Energy Mix in the EU-28 and in Poland as a Step towards Sustainable Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-19, March.
    26. R. D. Banker & A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper, 1984. "Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(9), pages 1078-1092, September.
    27. Gatto, Andrea & Drago, Carlo, 2020. "A taxonomy of energy resilience," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    28. Barbara Kryk & Małgorzata Klaudia Guzowska, 2021. "Implementation of Climate/Energy Targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy by the EU Member States," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, May.
    29. Michaela Stanickova, 2017. "Efficient Implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy Goals: Is Social Equality Achievable Reality or Myth Perhaps?," Working Papers 120/2017, Institute of Economic Research, revised May 2017.
    30. Kumbhakar,Subal C. & Lovell,C. A. Knox, 2003. "Stochastic Frontier Analysis," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521666633.
    31. Lilia Yotova & Kristina Stefanova, 2017. "Efficiency of Tertiary Education Expenditure in CEE Countries: Data Envelopment Analysis," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 352-364, September.
    32. Wang, Nannan & Chen, Ji & Yao, Shengnan & Chang, Yen-Chiang, 2018. "A meta-frontier DEA approach to efficiency comparison of carbon reduction technologies on project level," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2606-2612.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Barbara Kryk & Malgorzata K. Guzowska, 2023. "Assessing the Level of Energy Poverty Using a Synthetic Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index in EU Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-31, January.
    2. Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene & Tomas Karpavicius & Dalia Streimikiene & Tomas Balezentis, 2022. "The Achievements of Climate Change and Energy Policy in the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Tomasz Bernat & Sylwia Flaszewska & Bartłomiej Lisowski & Renata Lisowska & Katarzyna Szymańska, 2022. "Facing Environmental Goals for Energy-Efficiency Improvements in Micro and Small Enterprises Operating in the Age of Industry 4.0," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-16, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Magdalena Tutak & Jarosław Brodny & Peter Bindzár, 2021. "Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-32, March.
    2. Barbara Kryk & Małgorzata Klaudia Guzowska, 2021. "Implementation of Climate/Energy Targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy by the EU Member States," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Małgorzata K. Guzowska & Barbara Kryk & Dorota Michalak & Paulina Szyja, 2021. "R&D Spending in the Energy Sector and Achieving the Goal of Climate Neutrality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-25, November.
    4. Magdalena Radulescu & Aleksandra Fedajev & Crenguta Ileana Sinisi & Constanta Popescu & Silvia Elena Iacob, 2018. "Europe 2020 Implementation as Driver of Economic Performance and Competitiveness. Panel Analysis of CEE Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-20, February.
    5. Wijesiri, Mahinda & Yaron, Jacob & Meoli, Michele, 2017. "Assessing the financial and outreach efficiency of microfinance institutions: Do age and size matter?," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 63-76.
    6. Galluzzo Nicola, 2020. "A Technical Efficiency Analysis of Financial Subsidies Allocated by the Cap in Romanian Farms Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 12(4), pages 494-505, December.
    7. Nicola Galluzzo, 2021. "Estimation of the impact of CAP subsidies as environmental variables on Romanian farms," Economia agro-alimentare, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 23(3), pages 1-24.
    8. Samy Ben Naceur & Hichem Ben-Khedhiri & Barbara Casu, 2009. "What Drives the Efficiency of Selected MENA Banks? A Meta-Frontier Analysis," Working Papers 499, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2009.
    9. Mototsugu Fukushige & Yingxin Shi, 2022. "Quantile regression approach for measuring production inefficiency with empirical application to the primary production sector for the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in China," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 777-805, June.
    10. Ioannis Tsolas, 2015. "Firm credit risk evaluation: a series two-stage DEA modeling framework," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 233(1), pages 483-500, October.
    11. Lee, Boon L. & Wilson, Clevo & Simshauser, Paul & Majiwa, Eucabeth, 2021. "Deregulation, efficiency and policy determination: An analysis of Australia's electricity distribution sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    12. Veiga, Gabriela Lobo & Pinheiro de Lima, Edson & Frega, José Roberto & Gouvea da Costa, Sérgio Eduardo, 2021. "A DEA-based approach to assess manufacturing performance through operations strategy lenses," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    13. M. Isabel Landaluce-Calvo & Mariola Gozalo-Delgado, 2021. "Proposal for a Dynamic Composite Indicator: Application in a Comparative Analysis of Trends in the EU Member States Towards the Europe 2020 Strategy," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 154(3), pages 1031-1053, April.
    14. G. Thomas Sav, 2012. "Efficiency Estimates and Rankings Employing Data Envelopment and Stochastic Frontier Analyses: Evaluating the Management of U.S. Public Colleges," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 4(8), pages 444-452.
    15. Wijesiri, Mahinda & Yaron, Jacob & Meoli, Michele, 2015. "Performance of microfinance institutions in achieving the poverty outreach and financial sustainability: When age and size matter?," MPRA Paper 69821, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Lucio Cecchini & Francesco Romagnoli & Massimo Chiorri & Biancamaria Torquati, 2023. "Eco-Efficiency and Its Determinants: The Case of the Italian Beef Cattle Sector," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-18, May.
    17. Liu, John S. & Lu, Louis Y.Y. & Lu, Wen-Min & Lin, Bruce J.Y., 2013. "A survey of DEA applications," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 41(5), pages 893-902.
    18. Jie Wu & Qingyuan Zhu & Pengzhen Yin & Malin Song, 2017. "Measuring energy and environmental performance for regions in China by using DEA-based Malmquist indices," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 715-735, October.
    19. Li-Ling Kao, 2023. "ESG-Based Performance Assessment of the Operation and Management of Industrial Parks in Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-27, January.
    20. Shih-Heng Yu, 2019. "Benchmarking and Performance Evaluation Towards the Sustainable Development of Regions in Taiwan: A Minimum Distance-Based Measure with Undesirable Outputs in Additive DEA," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 144(3), pages 1323-1348, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8428-:d:702135. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.