IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i14p4107-d590250.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Short-Term Net Load Forecasting with Singular Spectrum Analysis and LSTM Neural Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Akylas Stratigakos

    (Center PERSEE, MINES ParisTech, PSL University, 1 Rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France)

  • Athanasios Bachoumis

    (Ubitech Energy, Koningin Astridlaan 59b, 1780 Brussels, Belgium
    Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece)

  • Vasiliki Vita

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, A.S.PE.T.E.—School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, N. Heraklion, 14121 Athens, Greece)

  • Elias Zafiropoulos

    (Ubitech Energy, Koningin Astridlaan 59b, 1780 Brussels, Belgium)

Abstract

Short-term electricity load forecasting is key to the safe, reliable, and economical operation of power systems. An important challenge that arises with high-frequency load series, e.g., hourly load, is how to deal with the complex seasonal patterns that are present. Standard approaches suggest either removing seasonality prior to modeling or applying time series decomposition. This work proposes a hybrid approach that combines Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA)-based decomposition and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for day-ahead hourly load forecasting. First, the trajectory matrix of the time series is constructed and decomposed into trend, oscillating, and noise components. Next, the extracted components are employed as exogenous regressors in a global forecasting model, comprising either a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) or a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) predictive layer. The model is further extended to include exogenous features, e.g., weather forecasts, transformed via parallel dense layers. The predictive performance is evaluated on two real-world datasets, controlling for the effect of exogenous features on predictive accuracy. The results showcase that the decomposition step improves the relative performance for ANN models, with the combination of LSTM and SAA providing the best overall performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Akylas Stratigakos & Athanasios Bachoumis & Vasiliki Vita & Elias Zafiropoulos, 2021. "Short-Term Net Load Forecasting with Singular Spectrum Analysis and LSTM Neural Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-13, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4107-:d:590250
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/14/4107/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/14/4107/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Moreno, Sinvaldo Rodrigues & dos Santos Coelho, Leandro, 2018. "Wind speed forecasting approach based on Singular Spectrum Analysis and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 736-754.
    2. Hyndman, Rob J. & Khandakar, Yeasmin, 2008. "Automatic Time Series Forecasting: The forecast Package for R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 27(i03).
    3. Diebold, Francis X & Mariano, Roberto S, 2002. "Comparing Predictive Accuracy," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 134-144, January.
    4. Hong, Tao & Pinson, Pierre & Fan, Shu, 2014. "Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2012," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 357-363.
    5. Ivana Kiprijanovska & Simon Stankoski & Igor Ilievski & Slobodan Jovanovski & Matjaž Gams & Hristijan Gjoreski, 2020. "HousEEC: Day-Ahead Household Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting Using Deep Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-29, May.
    6. Wang, Pu & Liu, Bidong & Hong, Tao, 2016. "Electric load forecasting with recency effect: A big data approach," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 585-597.
    7. Spodniak, Petr & Ollikka, Kimmo & Honkapuro, Samuli, 2021. "The impact of wind power and electricity demand on the relevance of different short-term electricity markets: The Nordic case," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    8. George P. Papaioannou & Christos Dikaiakos & Anargyros Dramountanis & Panagiotis G. Papaioannou, 2016. "Analysis and Modeling for Short- to Medium-Term Load Forecasting Using a Hybrid Manifold Learning Principal Component Model and Comparison with Classical Statistical Models (SARIMAX, Exponential Smoot," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-40, August.
    9. Chujie Tian & Jian Ma & Chunhong Zhang & Panpan Zhan, 2018. "A Deep Neural Network Model for Short-Term Load Forecast Based on Long Short-Term Memory Network and Convolutional Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, December.
    10. Hong, Tao & Wang, Pu & White, Laura, 2015. "Weather station selection for electric load forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 286-295.
    11. Ping-Huan Kuo & Chiou-Jye Huang, 2018. "A High Precision Artificial Neural Networks Model for Short-Term Energy Load Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, January.
    12. Goodarzi, Shadi & Perera, H. Niles & Bunn, Derek, 2019. "The impact of renewable energy forecast errors on imbalance volumes and electricity spot prices," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    13. Wang, Cong & Zhang, Hongli & Ma, Ping, 2020. "Wind power forecasting based on singular spectrum analysis and a new hybrid Laguerre neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    14. Hong, Tao & Fan, Shu, 2016. "Probabilistic electric load forecasting: A tutorial review," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 914-938.
    15. Zhang, G. Peter & Qi, Min, 2005. "Neural network forecasting for seasonal and trend time series," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 160(2), pages 501-514, January.
    16. Salah Bouktif & Ali Fiaz & Ali Ouni & Mohamed Adel Serhani, 2019. "Single and Multi-Sequence Deep Learning Models for Short and Medium Term Electric Load Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-21, January.
    17. J W Taylor, 2003. "Short-term electricity demand forecasting using double seasonal exponential smoothing," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 54(8), pages 799-805, August.
    18. Liu, Hui & Mi, Xiwei & Li, Yanfei & Duan, Zhu & Xu, Yinan, 2019. "Smart wind speed deep learning based multi-step forecasting model using singular spectrum analysis, convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit network and Support Vector Regression," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 842-854.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hao Ma & Peng Yang & Fei Wang & Xiaotian Wang & Di Yang & Bo Feng, 2023. "Short-Term Heavy Overload Forecasting of Public Transformers Based on Combined LSTM-XGBoost Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Tziolis, Georgios & Spanias, Chrysovalantis & Theodoride, Maria & Theocharides, Spyros & Lopez-Lorente, Javier & Livera, Andreas & Makrides, George & Georghiou, George E., 2023. "Short-term electric net load forecasting for solar-integrated distribution systems based on Bayesian neural networks and statistical post-processing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    3. Di Zhu & Yinghong Wang & Fenglin Zhang, 2022. "Energy Price Prediction Integrated with Singular Spectrum Analysis and Long Short-Term Memory Network against the Background of Carbon Neutrality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-20, October.
    4. Zhengwei Huang & Jin Huang & Jintao Min, 2022. "SSA-LSTM: Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Feature Matching," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Min Yi & Wei Xie & Li Mo, 2021. "Short-Term Electricity Price Forecasting Based on BP Neural Network Optimized by SAPSO," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    6. Wang, Lining & Mao, Mingxuan & Xie, Jili & Liao, Zheng & Zhang, Hao & Li, Huanxin, 2023. "Accurate solar PV power prediction interval method based on frequency-domain decomposition and LSTM model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    7. Ling Liu & Fang Liu & Yuling Zheng, 2021. "A Novel Ultra-Short-Term PV Power Forecasting Method Based on DBN-Based Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-10, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Petropoulos, Fotios & Apiletti, Daniele & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios & Babai, Mohamed Zied & Barrow, Devon K. & Ben Taieb, Souhaib & Bergmeir, Christoph & Bessa, Ricardo J. & Bijak, Jakub & Boylan, Joh, 2022. "Forecasting: theory and practice," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 705-871.
      • Fotios Petropoulos & Daniele Apiletti & Vassilios Assimakopoulos & Mohamed Zied Babai & Devon K. Barrow & Souhaib Ben Taieb & Christoph Bergmeir & Ricardo J. Bessa & Jakub Bijak & John E. Boylan & Jet, 2020. "Forecasting: theory and practice," Papers 2012.03854, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    2. Haben, Stephen & Giasemidis, Georgios & Ziel, Florian & Arora, Siddharth, 2019. "Short term load forecasting and the effect of temperature at the low voltage level," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1469-1484.
    3. Luo, Jian & Hong, Tao & Fang, Shu-Cherng, 2018. "Benchmarking robustness of load forecasting models under data integrity attacks," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 89-104.
    4. Moreno-Carbonell, Santiago & Sánchez-Úbeda, Eugenio F. & Muñoz, Antonio, 2020. "Rethinking weather station selection for electric load forecasting using genetic algorithms," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 695-712.
    5. Kamal Chapagain & Somsak Kittipiyakul, 2018. "Performance Analysis of Short-Term Electricity Demand with Atmospheric Variables," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-34, April.
    6. Jingrui Xie & Tao Hong, 2017. "Wind Speed for Load Forecasting Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-12, May.
    7. Ivana Kiprijanovska & Simon Stankoski & Igor Ilievski & Slobodan Jovanovski & Matjaž Gams & Hristijan Gjoreski, 2020. "HousEEC: Day-Ahead Household Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting Using Deep Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-29, May.
    8. Sobhani, Masoud & Hong, Tao & Martin, Claude, 2020. "Temperature anomaly detection for electric load forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 324-333.
    9. Masoud Sobhani & Allison Campbell & Saurabh Sangamwar & Changlin Li & Tao Hong, 2019. "Combining Weather Stations for Electric Load Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-11, April.
    10. Wang, Jianzhou & Wang, Shuai & Zeng, Bo & Lu, Haiyan, 2022. "A novel ensemble probabilistic forecasting system for uncertainty in wind speed," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    11. Myoungsoo Kim & Wonik Choi & Youngjun Jeon & Ling Liu, 2019. "A Hybrid Neural Network Model for Power Demand Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, March.
    12. Jonathan Roth & Jayashree Chadalawada & Rishee K. Jain & Clayton Miller, 2021. "Uncertainty Matters: Bayesian Probabilistic Forecasting for Residential Smart Meter Prediction, Segmentation, and Behavioral Measurement and Verification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, March.
    13. Zhengwei Huang & Jin Huang & Jintao Min, 2022. "SSA-LSTM: Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Feature Matching," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    14. Hong, Tao & Xie, Jingrui & Black, Jonathan, 2019. "Global energy forecasting competition 2017: Hierarchical probabilistic load forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1389-1399.
    15. Sungwoo Park & Jihoon Moon & Seungwon Jung & Seungmin Rho & Sung Wook Baik & Eenjun Hwang, 2020. "A Two-Stage Industrial Load Forecasting Scheme for Day-Ahead Combined Cooling, Heating and Power Scheduling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-23, January.
    16. Santiago Moreno-Carbonell & Eugenio F. Sánchez-Úbeda & Antonio Muñoz, 2020. "Time Series Decomposition of the Daily Outdoor Air Temperature in Europe for Long-Term Energy Forecasting in the Context of Climate Change," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-28, March.
    17. Nowotarski, Jakub & Weron, Rafał, 2016. "On the importance of the long-term seasonal component in day-ahead electricity price forecasting," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 228-235.
    18. Nowotarski, Jakub & Liu, Bidong & Weron, Rafał & Hong, Tao, 2016. "Improving short term load forecast accuracy via combining sister forecasts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 40-49.
    19. Shangfu Wei & Xiaoqing Bai, 2022. "Multi-Step Short-Term Building Energy Consumption Forecasting Based on Singular Spectrum Analysis and Hybrid Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, February.
    20. Saxena, Harshit & Aponte, Omar & McConky, Katie T., 2019. "A hybrid machine learning model for forecasting a billing period’s peak electric load days," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1288-1303.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4107-:d:590250. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.