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Autonomous Vehicles for Smart and Sustainable Cities: An In-Depth Exploration of Privacy and Cybersecurity Implications

Author

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  • Hazel Si Min Lim

    (Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, 469B Bukit Timah Road, Li Ka Shing Building, Singapore 259771, Singapore)

  • Araz Taeihagh

    (Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, 469B Bukit Timah Road, Li Ka Shing Building, Singapore 259771, Singapore)

Abstract

Amidst rapid urban development, sustainable transportation solutions are required to meet the increasing demands for mobility whilst mitigating the potentially negative social, economic, and environmental impacts. This study analyses autonomous vehicles (AVs) as a potential transportation solution for smart and sustainable development. We identified privacy and cybersecurity risks of AVs as crucial to the development of smart and sustainable cities and examined the steps taken by governments around the world to address these risks. We highlight the literature that supports why AVs are essential for smart and sustainable development. We then identify the aspects of privacy and cybersecurity in AVs that are important for smart and sustainable development. Lastly, we review the efforts taken by federal governments in the US, the UK, China, Australia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Germany, France, and the EU, and by US state governments to address AV-related privacy and cybersecurity risks in-depth. Overall, the actions taken by governments to address privacy risks are mainly in the form of regulations or voluntary guidelines. To address cybersecurity risks, governments have mostly resorted to regulations that are not specific to AVs and are conducting research and fostering research collaborations with the private sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Hazel Si Min Lim & Araz Taeihagh, 2018. "Autonomous Vehicles for Smart and Sustainable Cities: An In-Depth Exploration of Privacy and Cybersecurity Implications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1062-:d:143275
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

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    2. Foroughi, Behzad & Nhan, Pham Viet & Iranmanesh, Mohammad & Ghobakhloo, Morteza & Nilashi, Mehrbakhsh & Yadegaridehkordi, Elaheh, 2023. "Determinants of intention to use autonomous vehicles: Findings from PLS-SEM and ANFIS," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
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    5. Bo Zou & Pooria Choobchian & Julie Rozenberg, 2021. "Cyber resilience of autonomous mobility systems: cyber-attacks and resilience-enhancing strategies," Journal of Transportation Security, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 137-155, December.
    6. Syed Asad Abbas Bokhari, 2023. "A Quantitative Study on the Factors Influencing Implementation of Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations in Pakistan," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-21, November.
    7. Paulo Antonio Maldonado Silveira Alonso Munhoz & Fabricio da Costa Dias & Christine Kowal Chinelli & André Luis Azevedo Guedes & João Alberto Neves dos Santos & Wainer da Silveira e Silva & Carlos Alb, 2020. "Smart Mobility: The Main Drivers for Increasing the Intelligence of Urban Mobility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-25, December.
    8. Araz Taeihagh & M Ramesh & Michael Howlett, 2021. "Assessing the regulatory challenges of emerging disruptive technologies," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(4), pages 1009-1019, October.
    9. Pier Giuseppe Anselma, 2021. "Optimization-Driven Powertrain-Oriented Adaptive Cruise Control to Improve Energy Saving and Passenger Comfort," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-28, May.
    10. Hazel Si Min Lim & Araz Taeihagh, 2019. "Algorithmic Decision-Making in AVs: Understanding Ethical and Technical Concerns for Smart Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-28, October.
    11. Malak M. Shatnawi, 2020. "Automated vehicles risk assessment and evaluation," Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems - scientific journal, Croatian Interdisciplinary Society Provider Homepage: http://indecs.eu, vol. 18(3), pages 343-351.
    12. Dirsehan, Taşkın & Can, Ceren, 2020. "Examination of trust and sustainability concerns in autonomous vehicle adoption," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    13. Liliana Andrei & Oana Luca & Florian Gaman, 2022. "Insights from User Preferences on Automated Vehicles: Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Value of Time in Romania Case," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, August.
    14. Zou,Bo & Choobchian,Pooria & Rozenberg,Julie, 2020. "Cyber Resilience of Autonomous Mobility Systems : Cyber Attacks and Resilience-Enhancing Strategies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9135, The World Bank.
    15. Jozef Andraško & Ondrej Hamuľák & Matúš Mesarčík & Tanel Kerikmäe & Aleksi Kajander, 2021. "Sustainable Data Governance for Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility in the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-25, September.
    16. Ming Yan & Zijun Lin & Peng Lu & Mansu Wang & Lucia Rampino & Giandomenico Caruso, 2023. "Speculative Exploration on Future Sustainable Human-Machine Interface Design in Automated Shuttle Buses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-29, March.
    17. Ke Wang & Yafei Zhao & Rajan Kumar Gangadhari & Zhixing Li, 2021. "Analyzing the Adoption Challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Smart Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-35, October.
    18. Zenonas Turskis & Nikolaj Goranin & Assel Nurusheva & Seilkhan Boranbayev, 2019. "A Fuzzy WASPAS-Based Approach to Determine Critical Information Infrastructures of EU Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-25, January.
    19. Christoph Lütge & Franziska Poszler & Aida Joaquin Acosta & David Danks & Gail Gottehrer & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Aisha Naseer, 2021. "AI4People: Ethical Guidelines for the Automotive Sector – Fundamental Requirements and Practical Recommendations," International Journal of Technoethics (IJT), IGI Global, vol. 12(1), pages 101-125, January.
    20. Mikolaj Firlej & Araz Taeihagh, 2021. "Regulating human control over autonomous systems," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(4), pages 1071-1091, October.
    21. Nader Zali & Sara Amiri & Tan Yigitcanlar & Ali Soltani, 2022. "Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in Developing Countries: Futurist Insights," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-26, November.
    22. Lee, Dasom & Hess, David J., 2020. "Regulations for on-road testing of connected and automated vehicles: Assessing the potential for global safety harmonization," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 85-98.
    23. Tania Leiman, 2021. "Law and tech collide: foreseeability, reasonableness and advanced driver assistance systems [Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): A consideration of driver perceptions on training, usage & im," Policy and Society, Darryl S. Jarvis and M. Ramesh, vol. 40(2), pages 250-271.

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