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Le politiche attive del lavoro in tempo di crisi

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  • Laura Pironi

Abstract

Il tema delle politiche attive del lavoro ? oggetto di discussioni accademiche e politiche da lungo tempo soprattutto in quei paesi dove il fenomeno della disoccupazione ? pi? elevato e con aspetti di cronicit? socialmente difficili da sopportare. La lunghissima fase di stagnazione economica che ha caratterizzato molti paesi occidentali a partire dal 2007 ha reso irraggiungibili gli obiettivi posti dall?Unione Europea in tema di crescita dell?occupazione giovanile e delle donne e reso difficile per gli Stati lo stanziamento di risorse economiche adeguate per sviluppare politiche attive del lavoro efficaci. La crescita dirompente della disoccupazione nei paesi pi? industrializzati, la difficile sostenibilit? del welfare ed in particolare degli strumenti tradizionali di sostegno al reddito dei lavoratori delle imprese in crisi, ha reso urgente, per i vari governi, rivedere le politiche per il lavoro adottando modelli di flexicurity e pi? in generale di welfare to work e incentivare il Life Long Learning. Nell?articolo si analizza pertanto l?impatto della crisi economica sull?occupazione, sul welfare in Italia ed in alcuni paesi europei, le politiche attive e passive del lavoro attuate nei suddetti paesi con particolare riguardo al tema della flexicurity e alla riforma dell?apprendistato come strumento di inserimento lavorativo sia dei giovani che devono entrare e rimanere nel mercato del lavoro, sia dei lavoratori che devono cambiare radicalmente il proprio percorso lavorativo per non rimanerne esclusi. I recenti interventi del governo italiano accumunati sotto il titolo di jobs act sono un chiaro tentativo di sviluppare anche in Italia politiche attive sul modello promosso dall?Unione Europea. Rimane per? ancora molta strada da percorrere per favorire l?inserimento lavorativo delle nuove generazioni ed il reinserimento delle persone che hanno perso il lavoro a causa della crisi economica in particolare sul fronte dei servizi per l?impiego che da troppo tempo svolgono un ruolo marginale e prevalentemente burocratico anzich? favorire l?incontro tra domanda e offerta di lavoro.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Pironi, 2015. "Le politiche attive del lavoro in tempo di crisi," QUADERNI DI ECONOMIA DEL LAVORO, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2015(103), pages 83-167.
    • Handle: RePEc:fan:quaqua:v:html10.3280/qua2015-103006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alison L. Booth & Marco Francesconi & Jeff Frank, 2002. "Temporary Jobs: Stepping Stones Or Dead Ends?," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 112(480), pages 189-213, June.
    2. Brunello, Giorgio & Checchi, Daniele, 2005. "School quality and family background in Italy," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 563-577, October.
    3. Wolfgang Ochel, 2008. "The Political Economy of Two-tier Reforms of Employment Protection in Europe," CESifo Working Paper Series 2461, CESifo.
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