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GIS-based fuzzy multi-criteria approach for optimal site selection of fire stations in Istanbul, Turkey

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  • Nyimbili, Penjani Hopkins
  • Erden, Turan

Abstract

Fire stations play a central role in protection and response activities as part of emergency management services in cases of fire incidences. With the rising urban populations and city expansions, the demand for more fire services resultantly increases. It then becomes critical to effectively plan the location of emergency facilities to adequately service the population and ensure the protection of lives and infrastructure. This study, therefore proposes the use of the fuzzy extension of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method of Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), hence called fuzzy AHP, integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach to optimally site new fire stations for the case of Istanbul region. This proposed fuzzy approach simulates the subjective expert judgements for the preferences of the six criteria assessed for fire station suitability mapping and thereby accounted for the uncertainty of crisp comparison values via triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). The criteria weights evaluated from this procedure were used in a weighted overlay analysis of the reclassified criteria map layers in ArcGIS to generate a fire station suitability map. These resultant fuzzy AHP criteria weights were validated using another MCDM technique, called Best-Worst Method (BWM) and found to be comparable and consistent. The criteria that had the strongest influence on the selection of sites for fire stations were identified to be: the density of hazardous material facilities (DHM), a high population density (HPD) and proximity to main roads (PMR) with associated weights of 33.3%, 24.4% and 15.2%, respectively. Based on a thorough assessment within the areas represented by class values ranging from 3 to 5 on the suitability map, a total of 34 new fire station sites were selected complementing the existing 121 fire stations. Further, a prioritization analysis from low, medium to high, was performed to plan the phases for the construction of new fire stations in view of competing budgetary needs and resource constraints. The methodology to achieve this was proposed and modelled for enhancing the decision-making process in urban fire station site selection studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Nyimbili, Penjani Hopkins & Erden, Turan, 2020. "GIS-based fuzzy multi-criteria approach for optimal site selection of fire stations in Istanbul, Turkey," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:soceps:v:71:y:2020:i:c:s0038012119302678
    DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2020.100860
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    2. Penjani Hopkins Nyimbili & Turan Erden, 2021. "Comparative evaluation of GIS-based best–worst method (BWM) for emergency facility planning: perspectives from two decision-maker groups," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(1), pages 1031-1067, January.
    3. Bashar Bashir & Abdullah Alsalman & Arsalan Ahmed Othman & Ahmed K. Obaid & Hussein Bashir, 2021. "New Approach to Selecting Civil Defense Centers in Al-Riyadh City (KSA) Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and GIS," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, October.
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    6. Gil-García, Isabel C. & Ramos-Escudero, Adela & García-Cascales, M.S. & Dagher, Habib & Molina-García, A., 2022. "Fuzzy GIS-based MCDM solution for the optimal offshore wind site selection: The Gulf of Maine case," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 130-147.
    7. Khaled Yousef Almansi & Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff & Bahareh Kalantar & Ahmad Fikri Abdullah & Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail & Naonori Ueda, 2022. "Performance Evaluation of Hospital Site Suitability Using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Models in Malacca, Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-36, March.
    8. Sisto, Roberta & Fernández-Portillo, Luis A. & Yazdani, Morteza & Estepa-Mohedano, Lorenzo & Torkayesh, Ali Ebadi, 2022. "Strategic planning of rural areas: Integrating participatory backcasting and multiple criteria decision analysis tools," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PA).

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