IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v202y2023icp1305-1323.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pathways to reduce Indonesia’s dependence on oil and achieve longer-term decarbonization

Author

Listed:
  • Rahman, Arief
  • Richards, Russell
  • Dargusch, Paul
  • Wadley, David

Abstract

Key challenges for Indonesia to 2050 are to reduce its dependency on fossil-based fuels and to decarbonize its energy system. This article adopts a systems approach to investigate future pathways, positing a shift from oil combustion to electricity to energize cooking stoves and vehicles. Today, electricity is predominantly generated using gas and coal. The cost-competitiveness of renewables is central to any sectoral adjustment in the nation's total primary energy supply (TPES). To study variables within the energy system, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) are constructed acknowledging three underlying elements: constraints (the energy trilemma); resource availability, oriented to physical elements and human resources (stakeholders); and the mode of regulation. Indonesia's energy market is characterized by state enterprise and price subsidies to retail consumers. We analyze the capability of private companies to drive competition among providers of renewable energy and facilitate more competitive pricing. Our results suggest that, irrespective of the composition of the TPES over the next 30 years, fossil sources will remain significant, necessitating carbon capture storage (CCS) technology as a complement to renewable energy promotion.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahman, Arief & Richards, Russell & Dargusch, Paul & Wadley, David, 2023. "Pathways to reduce Indonesia’s dependence on oil and achieve longer-term decarbonization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1305-1323.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:202:y:2023:i:c:p:1305-1323
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.051
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148122016913
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.051?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gründler, Klaus & Potrafke, Niklas, 2019. "Corruption and economic growth: New empirical evidence," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    2. Reyseliani, Nadhilah & Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu, 2021. "Pathway towards 100% renewable energy in Indonesia power system by 2050," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 305-321.
    3. Shih, Yi-Hsuan & Tseng, Chao-Heng, 2014. "Cost-benefit analysis of sustainable energy development using life-cycle co-benefits assessment and the system dynamics approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 57-66.
    4. Horschig, Thomas & Adams, P.W.R. & Gawel, Erik & Thrän, Daniela, 2018. "How to decarbonize the natural gas sector: A dynamic simulation approach for the market development estimation of renewable gas in Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 555-572.
    5. Jian-Lei Mo & Lei Zhu, 2014. "Using Floor Price Mechanisms to Promote Carbon Capture and Storage (Ccs) Investment and Co2 Abatement," Energy & Environment, , vol. 25(3-4), pages 687-707, April.
    6. Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sinha, Avik & Sengupta, Tuhin & Qin, Quande, 2020. "How Renewable Energy Consumption Contribute to Environmental Quality? The Role of Education in OECD Countries," MPRA Paper 100259, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 08 May 2020.
    7. Gagas Pambudi Utomo & Nilgün Güleç, 2021. "Preliminary geochemical investigation of a possible CO2 injection in the Ungaran geothermal field, Indonesia: equilibrium and kinetic modeling," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 11(1), pages 3-18, February.
    8. Morris, Jennifer & Paltsev, Sergey & Ku, Anthony Y., 2019. "Impacts of China's emissions trading schemes on deployment of power generation with carbon capture and storage," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 848-858.
    9. Deendarlianto, & Widyaparaga, Adhika & Sopha, Bertha Maya & Budiman, Arief & Muthohar, Imam & Setiawan, Indra Chandra & Lindasista, Alia & Soemardjito, Joewono & Oka, Kazutaka, 2017. "Scenarios analysis of energy mix for road transportation sector in Indonesia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 13-23.
    10. Smriti Mallapaty, 2020. "How China could be carbon neutral by mid-century," Nature, Nature, vol. 586(7830), pages 482-483, October.
    11. Severin Borenstein & James Bushnell, 2015. "The US Electricity Industry After 20 Years of Restructuring," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 437-463, August.
    12. Lilis Yuaningsih & R. Adjeng Mariana Febrianti & Hafiz Waqas Kamran, 2020. "Reducing CO2 Emissions through Biogas, Wind and Solar Energy Production: Evidence from Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 684-689.
    13. Aklin, Michaël & Cheng, Chao-Yo & Urpelainen, Johannes, 2018. "Social acceptance of new energy technology in developing countries: A framing experiment in rural India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 466-477.
    14. Maxensius Tri Sambodo, 2008. "Indonesia in a Changing Energy Frontier: Challenges and Prospects," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, vol. 56, pages 111-133, August.
    15. Sharpton, Tara & Lawrence, Thomas & Hall, Margeret, 2020. "Drivers and barriers to public acceptance of future energy sources and grid expansion in the United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    16. David Bidwell, 2016. "Thinking through participation in renewable energy decisions," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(5), pages 1-4, May.
    17. Costantini, Valeria & Gracceva, Francesco & Markandya, Anil & Vicini, Giorgio, 2007. "Security of energy supply: Comparing scenarios from a European perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 210-226, January.
    18. Kumar, Subhash, 2016. "Assessment of renewables for energy security and carbon mitigation in Southeast Asia: The case of Indonesia and Thailand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 63-70.
    19. Tiodora Siagian & Purhadi Purhadi & Suhartono Suhartono & Hamonangan Ritonga, 2014. "Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Indonesia: driving factors and policy implications," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 70(2), pages 1603-1617, January.
    20. Cheryl W. Gray & Daniel Kaufman, 1998. "Corruption and Development," World Bank Publications - Reports 11545, The World Bank Group.
    21. Asbjørn Torvanger, 2019. "Governance of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS): accounting, rewarding, and the Paris agreement," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(3), pages 329-341, March.
    22. Hanley, Emma S. & Deane, JP & Gallachóir, BP Ó, 2018. "The role of hydrogen in low carbon energy futures–A review of existing perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3027-3045.
    23. Kim, Junghun & Park, Stephen Youngjun & Lee, Jongsu, 2018. "Do people really want renewable energy? Who wants renewable energy?: Discrete choice model of reference-dependent preference in South Korea," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 761-770.
    24. Walsh, D.M. & O'Sullivan, K. & Lee, W.T. & Devine, M.T., 2014. "When to invest in carbon capture and storage technology: A mathematical model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 219-225.
    25. Sithole, H. & Cockerill, T.T. & Hughes, K.J. & Ingham, D.B. & Ma, L. & Porter, R.T.J. & Pourkashanian, M., 2016. "Developing an optimal electricity generation mix for the UK 2050 future," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 363-373.
    26. Gracceva, Francesco & Zeniewski, Peter, 2014. "A systemic approach to assessing energy security in a low-carbon EU energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 335-348.
    27. Kartono Sani, 2017. "Policy Development for the Energy Mix in Indonesia Using System Dynamics," GATR Journals gjbssr488, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise.
    28. Setyawati, Dinita, 2020. "Analysis of perceptions towards the rooftop photovoltaic solar system policy in Indonesia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    29. Salim, H.K. & Stewart, R.A. & Sahin, O. & Dudley, M., 2020. "Systems approach to end-of-life management of residential photovoltaic panels and battery energy storage system in Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    30. Liobikienė, Genovaitė & Dagiliūtė, Renata & Juknys, Romualdas, 2021. "The determinants of renewable energy usage intentions using theory of planned behaviour approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 587-594.
    31. Yousefi-Sahzabi, Amin & Unlu-Yucesoy, Eda & Sasaki, Kyuro & Yuosefi, Hossein & Widiatmojo, Arif & Sugai, Yuichi, 2017. "Turkish challenges for low-carbon society: Current status, government policies and social acceptance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 596-608.
    32. Bertsch, Valentin & Hall, Margeret & Weinhardt, Christof & Fichtner, Wolf, 2016. "Public acceptance and preferences related to renewable energy and grid expansion policy: Empirical insights for Germany," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 465-477.
    33. Lim, Xin-Le & Lam, Wei-Haur, 2014. "Public Acceptance of Marine Renewable Energy in Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 16-26.
    34. Daryono Daryono & Sugeng Wahyudi & Suharnomo Suharnomo, 2019. "The Development of Green Energy Policy Planning Model to Improve Economic Growth in Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 216-223.
    35. Mujiyanto, Sugeng & Tiess, Günter, 2013. "Secure energy supply in 2025: Indonesia's need for an energy policy strategy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 31-41.
    36. Rahman, Arief & Dargusch, Paul & Wadley, David, 2021. "The political economy of oil supply in Indonesia and the implications for renewable energy development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    37. Wustenhagen, Rolf & Wolsink, Maarten & Burer, Mary Jean, 2007. "Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2683-2691, May.
    38. Maulidia, Martha & Dargusch, Paul & Ashworth, Peta & Ardiansyah, Fitrian, 2019. "Rethinking renewable energy targets and electricity sector reform in Indonesia: A private sector perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 231-247.
    39. He, Gang & Lin, Jiang & Sifuentes, Froylan & Liu, Xu & Abhyankar, Nikit & Phadke, Amol, 2020. "Author Correction: Rapid cost decrease of renewables and storage accelerates the decarbonization of China’s power system," Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, Working Paper Series qt11x8b9hc, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley.
    40. Huan Zhang & Xinxin Xu & Jianli Jiang & Meimei Zhang, 2020. "Carbon Tax and Trading Price on Power Plant with Carbon Capture and Storage under Incentive Regulation Theory," Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-11, January.
    41. Fadhila Achmadi Rosyid & Tsuyoshi Adachi, 2016. "Coal mining in Indonesia: forecasting by the growth curve method," Mineral Economics, Springer;Raw Materials Group (RMG);Luleå University of Technology, vol. 29(2), pages 71-85, December.
    42. Mediavilla, Margarita & de Castro, Carlos & Capellán, Iñigo & Javier Miguel, Luis & Arto, Iñaki & Frechoso, Fernando, 2013. "The transition towards renewable energies: Physical limits and temporal conditions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 297-311.
    43. Gang He & Jiang Lin & Froylan Sifuentes & Xu Liu & Nikit Abhyankar & Amol Phadke, 2020. "Rapid cost decrease of renewables and storage accelerates the decarbonization of China’s power system," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
    44. Albert de Vaal & Wouter Ebben, 2011. "Institutions and the Relation between Corruption and Economic Growth," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(1), pages 108-123, February.
    45. Aslani, Alireza & Helo, Petri & Naaranoja, Marja, 2014. "Role of renewable energy policies in energy dependency in Finland: System dynamics approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 758-765.
    46. Ding, Hao & Zhou, Dequn & Zhou, P., 2020. "Optimal policy supports for renewable energy technology development: A dynamic programming model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    47. Baskoro, Firly Rachmaditya & Takahashi, Katsuhiko & Morikawa, Katsumi & Nagasawa, Keisuke, 2021. "System dynamics approach in determining coal utilization scenario in Indonesia," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    48. Gladkykh, Ganna & Spittler, Nathalie & Davíðsdóttir, Brynhildur & Diemer, Arnaud, 2018. "Steady state of energy: Feedbacks and leverages for promoting or preventing sustainable energy system development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 121-131.
    49. Ucok W.R. Siagian & Bintang B. Yuwono & Shinichiro Fujimori & Toshihiko Masui, 2017. "Low-Carbon Energy Development in Indonesia in Alignment with Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) by 2030," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, January.
    50. Weiss, Olga & Pareschi, Giacomo & Georges, Gil & Boulouchos, Konstantinos, 2021. "The Swiss energy transition: Policies to address the Energy Trilemma," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 148(PA).
    51. Sani, L. & Khatiwada, D. & Harahap, F. & Silveira, S., 2021. "Decarbonization pathways for the power sector in Sumatra, Indonesia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    52. Bhattacharyya, Subhes C., 2013. "To regulate or not to regulate off-grid electricity access in developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 494-503.
    53. Pambudi, Nugroho Agung, 2018. "Geothermal power generation in Indonesia, a country within the ring of fire: Current status, future development and policy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2893-2901.
    54. Erahman, Qodri Febrilian & Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu & Sudibandriyo, Mahmud & Hidayatno, Akhmad, 2016. "An assessment of Indonesia's energy security index and comparison with seventy countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 364-376.
    55. Bergaentzlé, Claire & Jensen, Ida Græsted & Skytte, Klaus & Olsen, Ole Jess, 2019. "Electricity grid tariffs as a tool for flexible energy systems: A Danish case study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 12-21.
    56. Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu & Pratama, Yoga Wienda & Nugroho, Yulianto Sulistyo & Warjito, & Hertono, Gatot Fatwanto & Hartono, Djoni & Deendarlianto, & Tezuka, Tetsuo, 2015. "Multi-objective optimization model for sustainable Indonesian electricity system: Analysis of economic, environment, and adequacy of energy sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 308-318.
    57. Hidayatno, Akhmad & Setiawan, Andri D. & Wikananda Supartha, I Made & Moeis, Armand O. & Rahman, Irvanu & Widiono, Eddie, 2020. "Investigating policies on improving household rooftop photovoltaics adoption in Indonesia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 731-742.
    58. Zografakis, Nikolaos & Sifaki, Elli & Pagalou, Maria & Nikitaki, Georgia & Psarakis, Vasilios & Tsagarakis, Konstantinos P., 2010. "Assessment of public acceptance and willingness to pay for renewable energy sources in Crete," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 1088-1095, April.
    59. Goldemberg, Jose & Teixeira Coelho, Suani, 2004. "Renewable energy--traditional biomass vs. modern biomass," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 711-714, April.
    60. Steven L. Puller & Jeremy West, 2013. "Efficient Retail Pricing in Electricity and Natural Gas Markets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(3), pages 350-355, May.
    61. Gang He & Jiang Lin & Froylan Sifuentes & Xu Liu & Nikit Abhyankar & Amol Phadke, 2020. "Author Correction: Rapid cost decrease of renewables and storage accelerates the decarbonization of China’s power system," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-1, December.
    62. Rammerstorfer, Margarethe & Eisl, Roland, 2011. "Carbon capture and storage—Investment strategies for the future?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(11), pages 7103-7111.
    63. Sütterlin, Bernadette & Siegrist, Michael, 2017. "Public acceptance of renewable energy technologies from an abstract versus concrete perspective and the positive imagery of solar power," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 356-366.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muryani Muryani & Khoirun Nisa’ & Miguel Angel Esquivias & Siti Hafsah Zulkarnain, 2023. "Strategies to Control Industrial Emissions: An Analytical Network Process Approach in East Java, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Asif Raihan & Mamunur Rashid & Liton Chandra Voumik & Salma Akter & Miguel Angel Esquivias, 2023. "The Dynamic Impacts of Economic Growth, Financial Globalization, Fossil Fuel, Renewable Energy, and Urbanization on Load Capacity Factor in Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rahman, Arief & Dargusch, Paul & Wadley, David, 2021. "The political economy of oil supply in Indonesia and the implications for renewable energy development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    2. Ephraim Bonah Agyekum & Ernest Baba Ali & Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, 2021. "Clean Energies for Ghana—An Empirical Study on the Level of Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy Development and Utilization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Bhowmik, Chiranjib & Bhowmik, Sumit & Ray, Amitava, 2018. "Social acceptance of green energy determinants using principal component analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1030-1046.
    4. Jannis Langer & Jaco Quist & Kornelis Blok, 2021. "Review of Renewable Energy Potentials in Indonesia and Their Contribution to a 100% Renewable Electricity System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    5. Astrid Buchmayr & Luc Van Ootegem & Jo Dewulf & Elsy Verhofstadt, 2021. "Understanding Attitudes towards Renewable Energy Technologies and the Effect of Local Experiences," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-23, November.
    6. Muhammad Aslam Mohd Safari & Nurulkamal Masseran & Alias Jedi & Sohif Mat & Kamaruzzaman Sopian & Azman Bin Abdul Rahim & Azami Zaharim, 2020. "Rural Public Acceptance of Wind and Solar Energy: A Case Study from Mersing, Malaysia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
    7. Rodríguez-Segura, Francisco Javier & Osorio-Aravena, Juan Carlos & Frolova, Marina & Terrados-Cepeda, Julio & Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio, 2023. "Social acceptance of renewable energy development in southern Spain: Exploring tendencies, locations, criteria and situations," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    8. Baharoon, Dhyia Aidroos & Rahman, Hasimah Abdul & Fadhl, Saeed Obaid, 2016. "Publics׳ knowledge, attitudes and behavioral toward the use of solar energy in Yemen power sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 498-515.
    9. Serena Y. Kim & Koushik Ganesan & Princess Dickens & Soumya Panda, 2021. "Public Sentiment toward Solar Energy—Opinion Mining of Twitter Using a Transformer-Based Language Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, March.
    10. Deendarlianto, & Widyaparaga, Adhika & Sopha, Bertha Maya & Budiman, Arief & Muthohar, Imam & Setiawan, Indra Chandra & Lindasista, Alia & Soemardjito, Joewono & Oka, Kazutaka, 2017. "Scenarios analysis of energy mix for road transportation sector in Indonesia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 13-23.
    11. Schriever, Marlene & Halstrup, Dominik, 2018. "Exploring the adoption in transitioning markets: Empirical findings and implications on energy storage solutions-acceptance in the German manufacturing industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 460-468.
    12. Sánchez-Pérez, P.A. & Staadecker, Martin & Szinai, Julia & Kurtz, Sarah & Hidalgo-Gonzalez, Patricia, 2022. "Effect of modeled time horizon on quantifying the need for long-duration storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    13. Mao, Hongzhi & Chen, Xie & Luo, Yongqiang & Deng, Jie & Tian, Zhiyong & Yu, Jinghua & Xiao, Yimin & Fan, Jianhua, 2023. "Advances and prospects on estimating solar photovoltaic installation capacity and potential based on satellite and aerial images," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    14. Zhenyu Zhuo & Ershun Du & Ning Zhang & Chris P. Nielsen & Xi Lu & Jinyu Xiao & Jiawei Wu & Chongqing Kang, 2022. "Cost increase in the electricity supply to achieve carbon neutrality in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    15. Elkadeem, Mohamed R. & Younes, Ali & Mazzeo, Domenico & Jurasz, Jakub & Elia Campana, Pietro & Sharshir, Swellam W. & Alaam, Mohamed A., 2022. "Geospatial-assisted multi-criterion analysis of solar and wind power geographical-technical-economic potential assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    16. Kuang, Zhonghong & Chen, Qi & Yu, Yang, 2022. "Assessing the CO2-emission risk due to wind-energy uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    17. Mou, Dunguo & Wang, Zining, 2022. "A systematic analysis of integrating variable wind power into Fujian power grid," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    18. Setyawati, Dinita, 2020. "Analysis of perceptions towards the rooftop photovoltaic solar system policy in Indonesia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    19. Zebo Kuldasheva & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2023. "Renewable Energy and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Rapidly Urbanizing Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(2), pages 1077-1090, June.
    20. Jain, Sourabh, 2022. "Exploring structures of power purchase agreements towards supplying 24x7 variable renewable electricity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:202:y:2023:i:c:p:1305-1323. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.