IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jrpoli/v83y2023ics0301420723003835.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamic spillovers and portfolio risk management between defi and metals: Empirical evidence from the Covid-19

Author

Listed:
  • Ali, Shoaib
  • Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad
  • Yousaf, Imran

Abstract

Using a novel TVP-VAR approach, we investigate the connectedness between precious metals, industrial metals, and decentralized finance (DeFi) assets during pre-pandemic and Covid sub-periods. We also calculate optimal portfolio weights, hedge ratios, and hedging effectiveness estimates for the portfolios of metals and DeFi assets. Results reveal that the association between DeFi-precious metal and DeFi-industrial metal pairs is weaker compared to the association between traditional precious and industrial metals. The interconnectedness of these markets increased during the Covid-19 period. All DeFi assets, as well as palladium, aluminum, zinc, and Nickel, are net importers of return spillover, while gold, silver, platinum, and copper are net exporters of return spillovers. The return transmission between these markets is rolling, with rapid fluctuations during the Covid-19 period. Finally, the optimal portfolio analysis reveals that adding DeFi assets to the metals-based portfolio is helpful in terms of diversification. These findings are insightful for portfolio managers and policymakers regarding portfolio construction, portfolio adjustment, hedging, and market stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran, 2023. "Dynamic spillovers and portfolio risk management between defi and metals: Empirical evidence from the Covid-19," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:83:y:2023:i:c:s0301420723003835
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103672
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301420723003835
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103672?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fabian Schär, 2021. "Decentralized Finance: On Blockchain- and Smart Contract-Based Financial Markets," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 103(2), pages 153-174, April.
    2. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    3. Imran Yousaf & Shoaib Ali, 2020. "Discovering interlinkages between major cryptocurrencies using high-frequency data: new evidence from COVID-19 pandemic," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Chemkha, Rahma & BenSaïda, Ahmed & Ghorbel, Ahmed & Tayachi, Tahar, 2021. "Hedge and safe haven properties during COVID-19: Evidence from Bitcoin and gold," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 71-85.
    5. Shaen Corbet & John W. Goodell & Samet Gunay & Kerem Kaskaloglu, 2023. "Are DeFi tokens a separate asset class from conventional cryptocurrencies?," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 322(2), pages 609-630, March.
    6. Selmi, Refk & Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Bouoiyour, Jamal, 2018. "Is Bitcoin a hedge, a safe haven or a diversifier for oil price movements? A comparison with gold," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 787-801.
    7. Corbet, Shaen & Goodell, John W. & Günay, Samet, 2022. "What drives DeFi prices? Investigating the effects of investor attention," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    8. Juncal Cunado & David Gabauer & Rangan Gupta, 2021. "Realized Volatility Spillovers between Energy and Metal Markets: A Time-Varying Connectedness Approach," Working Papers 202180, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    9. Yousaf, Imran & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "Static and dynamic connectedness between NFTs, Defi and other assets: Portfolio implication," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    10. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Lucey, Brian M. & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Is gold a hedge or a safe-haven asset in the COVID–19 crisis?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    11. El Hedi Arouri, Mohamed & Lahiani, Amine & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2015. "World gold prices and stock returns in China: Insights for hedging and diversification strategies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 273-282.
    12. Yousaf, Imran & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Responses of US equity market sectors to the Silicon Valley Bank implosion," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    13. Koop, Gary & Korobilis, Dimitris, 2014. "A new index of financial conditions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 101-116.
    14. Yousaf, Imran & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Reputational contagion and the fall of FTX: Examining the response of tokens to the delegitimization of FTT," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    15. Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "Energy commodities, precious metals and industrial metal markets: A nexus across different investment horizons and market conditions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    16. Umar, Zaghum & Jareño, Francisco & Escribano, Ana, 2021. "Oil price shocks and the return and volatility spillover between industrial and precious metals," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    17. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    18. Kinateder, Harald & Campbell, Ross & Choudhury, Tonmoy, 2021. "Safe haven in GFC versus COVID-19: 100 turbulent days in the financial markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    19. Dwita Mariana, Christy & Ekaputra, Irwan Adi & Husodo, Zaäfri Ananto, 2021. "Are Bitcoin and Ethereum safe-havens for stocks during the COVID-19 pandemic?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    20. Ghulame Rubbaniy & Ali Awais Khalid & Muhammad Faisal Rizwan & Shoaib Ali, 2021. "Are ESG stocks safe-haven during COVID-19?," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 39(2), pages 239-255, December.
    21. Giorgio E. Primiceri, 2005. "Time Varying Structural Vector Autoregressions and Monetary Policy," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 72(3), pages 821-852.
    22. Marco Del Negro & Giorgio E. Primiceri, 2015. "Time Varying Structural Vector Autoregressions and Monetary Policy: A Corrigendum," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 82(4), pages 1342-1345.
    23. Das, Sonali & Demirer, Riza & Gupta, Rangan & Mangisa, Siphumlile, 2019. "The effect of global crises on stock market correlations: Evidence from scalar regressions via functional data analysis," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 132-147.
    24. Ugolini, Andrea & Reboredo, Juan C. & Mensi, Walid, 2023. "Connectedness between DeFi, cryptocurrency, stock, and safe-haven assets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    25. Kakinaka, Shinji & Umeno, Ken, 2022. "Cryptocurrency market efficiency in short- and long-term horizons during COVID-19: An asymmetric multifractal analysis approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 46(PA).
    26. Korobilis, D & Yilmaz, K, 2018. "Measuring Dynamic Connectedness with Large Bayesian VAR Models," Essex Finance Centre Working Papers 20937, University of Essex, Essex Business School.
    27. Yuan-Hung Hsu Ku & Ho-Chyuan Chen & Kuang-Hua Chen, 2007. "On the application of the dynamic conditional correlation model in estimating optimal time-varying hedge ratios," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(7), pages 503-509.
    28. Kroner, Kenneth F. & Sultan, Jahangir, 1993. "Time-Varying Distributions and Dynamic Hedging with Foreign Currency Futures," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(4), pages 535-551, December.
    29. Mensi, Walid & Ali, Syed Riaz Mahmood & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Multiscale dependence, spillovers, and connectedness between precious metals and currency markets: A hedge and safe-haven analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    30. Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Oliyide, Johnson A. & Noman, Ambreen, 2021. "The volatility connectedness of the EU carbon market with commodity and financial markets in time- and frequency-domain: The role of the U.S. economic policy uncertainty," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    31. González, Maria de la O. & Jareño, Francisco & Skinner, Frank S., 2021. "Asymmetric interdependencies between large capital cryptocurrency and Gold returns during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    32. Katsiampa, Paraskevi & Yarovaya, Larisa & Zięba, Damian, 2022. "High-frequency connectedness between Bitcoin and other top-traded crypto assets during the COVID-19 crisis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    33. Huynh, Toan Luu Duc & Foglia, Matteo & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Angelini, Eliana, 2021. "Feverish sentiment and global equity markets during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1088-1108.
    34. Yousaf, Imran & Nekhili, Ramzi & Gubareva, Mariya, 2022. "Linkages between DeFi assets and conventional currencies: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    35. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Tolentino, Marta, 2023. "Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    36. Cevik, Emrah Ismail & Gunay, Samet & Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Destek, Mehmet Akif & Bugan, Mehmet Fatih & Tuna, Fatih, 2022. "The impact of digital finance on the natural resource market: Evidence from DeFi, oil, and gold," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    37. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    38. Kroner, Kenneth F & Ng, Victor K, 1998. "Modeling Asymmetric Comovements of Asset Returns," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(4), pages 817-844.
    39. Umar, Zaghum & Polat, Onur & Choi, Sun-Yong & Teplova, Tamara, 2022. "Dynamic connectedness between non-fungible tokens, decentralized finance, and conventional financial assets in a time-frequency framework," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    40. Nikolaos Antonakakis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou & David Gabauer, 2020. "Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, April.
    41. Mensi, Walid & Nekhili, Ramzi & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2021. "Quantile dependencies between precious and industrial metals futures and portfolio management," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    42. Bouri, Elie & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Roubaud, David & Kristoufek, Ladislav & Lucey, Brian, 2020. "Bitcoin, gold, and commodities as safe havens for stocks: New insight through wavelet analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 156-164.
    43. Wang, Pengfei & Zhang, Wei & Li, Xiao & Shen, Dehua, 2019. "Is cryptocurrency a hedge or a safe haven for international indices? A comprehensive and dynamic perspective," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 1-18.
    44. repec:eme:sef000:sef-08-2021-0320 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran & Li, Yanshuang, 2023. "Connectedness and portfolio management between renewable energy tokens and metals: Evidence from TVP-VAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Tolentino, Marta, 2023. "Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    2. Yousaf, Imran & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "Static and dynamic connectedness between NFTs, Defi and other assets: Portfolio implication," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    3. Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran & Li, Yanshuang, 2023. "Connectedness and portfolio management between renewable energy tokens and metals: Evidence from TVP-VAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
    4. Cagli, Efe Caglar & Mandaci, Pinar Evrim, 2023. "Time and frequency connectedness of uncertainties in cryptocurrency, stock, currency, energy, and precious metals markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    5. Yousaf, Imran & Riaz, Yasir & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Integration between asset management tokens, asset management stock, and other financial markets: Evidence from TVP-VAR modeling," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    6. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Martínez-Serna, María-Isabel, 2023. "Extreme spillovers between insurance tokens and insurance stocks: Evidence from the quantile connectedness approach," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    7. Mahdi Ghaemi Asl & Oluwasegun B. Adekoya & Muhammad Mahdi Rashidi, 2023. "Quantiles dependence and dynamic connectedness between distributed ledger technology and sectoral stocks: enhancing the supply chain and investment decisions with digital platforms," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 327(1), pages 435-464, August.
    8. Evrim Mandacı, Pınar & Cagli, Efe Çaglar & Taşkın, Dilvin, 2020. "Dynamic connectedness and portfolio strategies: Energy and metal markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    9. Ozcan Ceylan, 2023. "Analysis of Dynamic Connectedness among Sovereign CDS Premia," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 9(1), pages 33-47, June.
    10. Chen, Jinyu & Liang, Zhipeng & Ding, Qian & Liu, Zhenhua, 2022. "Quantile connectedness between energy, metal, and carbon markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    11. Papież, Monika & Rubaszek, Michał & Szafranek, Karol & Śmiech, Sławomir, 2022. "Are European natural gas markets connected? A time-varying spillovers analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    12. Cui, Jinxin & Maghyereh, Aktham, 2023. "Higher-order moment risk connectedness and optimal investment strategies between international oil and commodity futures markets: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    13. Alomari, Mohammad & Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Extreme return spillovers and connectedness between crude oil and precious metals futures markets: Implications for portfolio management," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    14. Giannellis, Nikolaos, 2022. "Cryptocurrency market connectedness in Covid-19 days and the role of Twitter: Evidence from a smooth transition regression model," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    15. Samia Nasreen & Aviral Kumar Tiwari & Seong-Min Yoon, 2021. "Dynamic Connectedness and Portfolio Diversification during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Evidence from the Cryptocurrency Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-14, July.
    16. Qiao, Xingzhi & Zhu, Huiming & Zhang, Zhongqingyang & Mao, Weifang, 2022. "Time-frequency transmission mechanism of EPU, investor sentiment and financial assets: A multiscale TVP-VAR connectedness analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    17. Jose Arreola Hernandez & Sang Hoon Kang & Seong-Min Yoon, 2022. "Spillovers and portfolio optimization of precious metals and global/regional equity markets," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(20), pages 2320-2342, April.
    18. Balcilar, Mehmet & Ozdemir, Huseyin & Agan, Busra, 2022. "Effects of COVID-19 on cryptocurrency and emerging market connectedness: Empirical evidence from quantile, frequency, and lasso networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 604(C).
    19. Jinxin Cui & Aktham Maghyereh, 2022. "Time–frequency co-movement and risk connectedness among cryptocurrencies: new evidence from the higher-order moments before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-56, December.
    20. Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Ko, Hee-Un & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Frequency spillovers between green bonds, global factors and stock market before and during COVID-19 crisis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 558-580.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    DeFi; Precious metals; Industrial metals; Connectedness; Covid-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:83:y:2023:i:c:s0301420723003835. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/30467 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.