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Using walkability measures to identify train stations with the potential to become transit oriented developments located in walkable neighbourhoods

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  • Jeffrey, Dana
  • Boulangé, Claire
  • Giles-Corti, Billie
  • Washington, Simon
  • Gunn, Lucy

Abstract

Classifying train stations into typologies is a useful way to simplify their complex characteristics to assess their potential to become Transit Oriented Developments (TODs). However, researchers are yet to fully explore the walkability of train station neighbourhoods. Walkable areas have many features but typically include high residential density, greater street connectivity, and mixed land uses. Such characteristics facilitate access to the train station and can indicate both the effectiveness and potential of a train station to function as a TOD. This research explores the walkability of 230 train stations in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia using 14 different walkability measures. A two-stage cluster analysis was employed to group the train stations to determine their degree of walkability. The train station typology was validated using train station patronage data by different transport modes. Three clusters were found: cluster 1 train stations were more walkable and generally located in inner city areas, whilst those in cluster 2 were the least walkable and were generally located in middle and outer suburban areas. Cluster 3 train stations had the most potential for development as a TOD, having similar walkability features to those in cluster 1 but more car parking facilities and local living destinations when compared with the least walkable cluster 2 train stations. These findings suggest potential for cluster 3 train stations to become TODs, particularly if residential densities were increased in the surrounding neighbourhood. The patronage data validated the cluster findings in that the most walkable cluster 1 train stations had the highest percentage of pedestrian entries. TODs offer a way for planners to increase public transit use by co-locating a variety of services, destinations, residences and places of employment. Our findings provide a typology useful for exploring development strategies for developing train stations into TOD as a means of managing population growth and creating healthy, liveable and sustainable cities.

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  • Jeffrey, Dana & Boulangé, Claire & Giles-Corti, Billie & Washington, Simon & Gunn, Lucy, 2019. "Using walkability measures to identify train stations with the potential to become transit oriented developments located in walkable neighbourhoods," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 221-231.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:76:y:2019:i:c:p:221-231
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.03.009
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    4. Rao, Fujie & Pafka, Elek, 2021. "Shopping morphologies of urban transit station areas: A comparative study of central city station catchments in Toronto, San Francisco, and Melbourne," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    5. Ridho Masruri Irsal & Hayati Sari Hasibuan & Sylvira Ananda Azwar, 2022. "Spatial Modeling for Residential Optimization in Dukuh Atas Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Area, Jakarta, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    6. Su, Shiliang & Zhao, Chong & Zhou, Hao & Li, Bozhao & Kang, Mengjun, 2022. "Unraveling the relative contribution of TOD structural factors to metro ridership: A novel localized modeling approach with implications on spatial planning," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    7. Aston, Laura & Currie, Graham & Kamruzzaman, Md. & Delbosc, Alexa & Fournier, Nicholas & Teller, David, 2020. "Addressing transit mode location bias in built environment-transit mode use research," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    8. Moyano, Amparo & Solís, Eloy & Díaz-Burgos, Elena & Rodrigo, Alejandro & Coronado, José M., 2023. "Typologies of stations’ catchment areas in metropolitan urban peripheries: From car-oriented to sustainable urban strategies," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    9. Zhou, Mingzhi & Zhou, Jiali & Zhou, Jiangping & Lei, Shuyu & Zhao, Zhan, 2023. "Introducing social contacts into the node-place model: A case study of Hong Kong," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    10. Caset, Freke & Blainey, Simon & Derudder, Ben & Boussauw, Kobe & Witlox, Frank, 2020. "Integrating node-place and trip end models to explore drivers of rail ridership in Flanders, Belgium," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    11. Lu, Ying & Prato, Carlo G. & Sipe, Neil & Kimpton, Anthony & Corcoran, Jonathan, 2022. "The role of household modality style in first and last mile travel mode choice," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 95-109.
    12. Mohammad Hamed Abdi & Ali Soltani, 2022. "Which Fabric/Scale Is Better for Transit-Oriented Urban Design: Case Studies in a Developing Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    13. Otsuka, Noriko & Wittowsky, Dirk & Damerau, Marlene & Gerten, Christian, 2021. "Walkability assessment for urban areas around railway stations along the Rhine-Alpine Corridor," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).

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