IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finana/v83y2022ics1057521922002514.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sovereign and bank dependence in the eurozone: A multi-scale approach using wavelet-network analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Bales, Stephan

Abstract

This study establishes time–frequency networks of sovereign and bank contagion in the eurozone over the period 2009–2021. By applying discrete wavelet transformation, daily CDS premia of sovereigns and systemically important banks are decomposed into multi-horizon components to specify directed and dependence-weighted networks. Dynamic analysis shows that the network connectivity and the strength of the dependencies are significantly lower after the introduction of the European Banking Union in 2014. While the strength effect is pronounced across all time horizons, the network connectivity only reduces in the short and medium run. This provides evidence that the new regulatory framework promotes financial stability but is more effective in the short and medium horizons. The consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic as a real-life stress test confirms these findings as the strength of the dependencies keeps at significantly lower levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Bales, Stephan, 2022. "Sovereign and bank dependence in the eurozone: A multi-scale approach using wavelet-network analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:83:y:2022:i:c:s1057521922002514
    DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102297
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521922002514
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102297?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kalbaska, A. & Gątkowski, M., 2012. "Eurozone sovereign contagion: Evidence from the CDS market (2005–2010)," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 83(3), pages 657-673.
    2. Marcel Fratzscher & Malte Rieth, 2019. "Monetary Policy, Bank Bailouts and the Sovereign-Bank Risk Nexus in the Euro Area," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 745-775.
    3. Paolo Angelini & Giuseppe Grande & Fabio Panetta, 2014. "The negative feedback loop between banks and sovereigns," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 213, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    4. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    5. Guo, Yanhong & Li, Ping & Li, Aihua, 2021. "Tail risk contagion between international financial markets during COVID-19 pandemic," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    6. Avgeri, I. & Dendramis, Y. & Louri, H., 2021. "The Single Supervisory Mechanism and its implications for the profitability of European banks," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    7. Alter, Adrian & Beyer, Andreas, 2014. "The dynamics of spillover effects during the European sovereign debt turmoil," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 134-153.
    8. Carlo Altavilla & Marco Pagano & Saverio Simonelli, 2017. "Bank Exposures and Sovereign Stress Transmission," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 21(6), pages 2103-2139.
    9. Garcia-de-Andoain, Carlos & Kremer, Manfred, 2017. "Beyond spreads: Measuring sovereign market stress in the euro area," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 153-156.
    10. Nobi, Ashadun & Maeng, Seong Eun & Ha, Gyeong Gyun & Lee, Jae Woo, 2014. "Effects of global financial crisis on network structure in a local stock market," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 407(C), pages 135-143.
    11. Viral Acharya & Itamar Drechsler & Philipp Schnabl, 2014. "A Pyrrhic Victory? Bank Bailouts and Sovereign Credit Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2689-2739, December.
    12. Duan, Yuejiao & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane & Li, Haoran & Li, Xinming, 2021. "Bank systemic risk around COVID-19: A cross-country analysis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    13. Acharya, Viral & Engle, Robert & Steffen, Sascha, 2021. "Why did bank stocks crash during COVID-19?," CEPR Discussion Papers 15901, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    14. Koop, Gary & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Potter, Simon M., 1996. "Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 119-147, September.
    15. Böhm, Hannes & Eichler, Stefan, 2020. "Avoiding the fall into the loop: Isolating the transmission of bank-to-sovereign distress in the Euro Area," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    16. De Bruyckere, Valerie & Gerhardt, Maria & Schepens, Glenn & Vander Vennet, Rudi, 2013. "Bank/sovereign risk spillovers in the European debt crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 4793-4809.
    17. Yang, Lu, 2019. "Connectedness of economic policy uncertainty and oil price shocks in a time domain perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 219-233.
    18. Conlon, T. & Crane, M. & Ruskin, H.J., 2008. "Wavelet multiscale analysis for Hedge Funds: Scaling and strategies," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(21), pages 5197-5204.
    19. Bostanci, Gorkem & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2020. "How connected is the global sovereign credit risk network?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    20. Fiordelisi, Franco & Girardone, Claudia & Minnucci, Federica & Ricci, Ornella, 2020. "On the nexus between sovereign risk and banking crises," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    21. Dungey, Mardi & Harvey, John & Volkov, Vladimir, 2019. "The changing international network of sovereign debt and financial institutions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 149-168.
    22. Breckenfelder, Johannes & Schwaab, Bernd, 2018. "Bank to sovereign risk spillovers across borders: Evidence from the ECB’s Comprehensive Assessment," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 247-262.
    23. Uhlig Harald, 2014. "Sovereign Default Risk and Banks in a Monetary Union," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 23-41, February.
    24. Reboredo, Juan C. & Rivera-Castro, Miguel A., 2014. "Wavelet-based evidence of the impact of oil prices on stock returns," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 145-176.
    25. Giovanni Covi & Ulrich Eydam, 2020. "End of the sovereign-bank doom loop in the European Union? The Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 5-30, January.
    26. Georgoutsos, Dimitris & Moratis, George, 2017. "Bank-sovereign contagion in the Eurozone: A panel VAR Approach," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 146-159.
    27. Besma Hkiri & Shawkat Hammoudeh & Chaker Aloui, 2016. "Strength of co-movement between sector CDS indexes and relationship with major economic and financial variables over time and during investment horizons," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(48), pages 4635-4654, October.
    28. María Cantero Sáiz & Sergio Sanfilippo Azofra & Begoña Torre Olmo, 2019. "The single supervision mechanism and contagion between bank and sovereign risk," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 67-106, February.
    29. Reboredo, Juan C. & Rivera-Castro, Miguel A., 2013. "A wavelet decomposition approach to crude oil price and exchange rate dependence," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 42-57.
    30. Ramsey, J.B., 2002. "Wavelets in Economics and Finance: Past and Future," Working Papers 02-02, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University.
    31. Bales, Stephan, 2022. "Policy uncertainty and the sovereign-bank nexus: A time-frequency analysis using wavelet transformation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    32. Mr. Jorge A Chan-Lau, 2006. "Market-Based Estimation of Default Probabilities and its Application to Financial Market Surveillance," IMF Working Papers 2006/104, International Monetary Fund.
    33. Manuel Buchholz & Lena Tonzer, 2016. "Sovereign Credit Risk Co-Movements in the Eurozone: Simple Interdependence or Contagion?," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(3), pages 246-268, December.
    34. Grakolet Arnold Z.Gourène & Pierre Mendy & Gilbert Marie N'gbo Ake, 2019. "Multiple time-scales analysis of global stock markets spillovers effects in African stock markets," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 157, pages 82-98.
    35. Feng, Sida & Huang, Shupei & Qi, Yabin & Liu, Xueyong & Sun, Qingru & Wen, Shaobo, 2018. "Network features of sector indexes spillover effects in China: A multi-scale view," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 496(C), pages 461-473.
    36. Desislava C. Andreeva & Thomas Vlassopoulos, 2019. "Home Bias in Bank Sovereign Bond Purchases and the Bank-Sovereign Nexus," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 15(1), pages 157-197, March.
    37. Gupta, Suman & Das, Debojyoti & Hasim, Haslifah & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2018. "The dynamic relationship between stock returns and trading volume revisited: A MODWT-VAR approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 91-98.
    38. Elnahass, Marwa & Trinh, Vu Quang & Li, Teng, 2021. "Global banking stability in the shadow of Covid-19 outbreak," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    39. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    40. Giovanni Covi & Ulrich Eydam, 2020. "Correction to: End of the sovereign-bank doom loop in the European Union? The Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 31-38, January.
    41. Gourène, Grakolet Arnold Z. & Mendy, Pierre & N'gbo Ake, Gilbert Marie, 2019. "Multiple time-scales analysis of global stock markets spillovers effects in African stock markets," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 82-98.
    42. Theodoros Bratis & Nikiforos T. Laopodis & Georgios P. Kouretas, 2018. "Contagion and interdependence in Eurozone bank and sovereign credit markets," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(4), pages 655-674, October.
    43. Gomez-Puig, Marta & Singh, Manish K. & Sosvilla-Rivero, Simon, 2019. "The sovereign-bank nexus in peripheral euro area: Further evidence from contingent claims analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1-26.
    44. Aitor Erce, 2015. "Bank and sovereign risk feedback loops," Globalization Institute Working Papers 227, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    45. Bing Zhu, 2018. "The multi-country transmission of sovereign and banking risk: a spatial vector autoregressive approach," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(4), pages 422-441, October.
    46. Ramsey James B., 2002. "Wavelets in Economics and Finance: Past and Future," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 6(3), pages 1-29, November.
    47. Belhassine, Olfa & Karamti, Chiraz, 2021. "Volatility spillovers and hedging effectiveness between oil and stock markets: Evidence from a wavelet-based and structural breaks analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bales, Stephan & Burghartz, Kaspar & Burghof, Hans-Peter & Hitz, Lukas, 2023. "Does the source of uncertainty matter? The impact of financial, newspaper and Twitter-based measures on U.S. banks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    2. Yuqin Zhou & Shan Wu & Zhenhua Liu & Lavinia Rognone, 2023. "The asymmetric effects of climate risk on higher-moment connectedness among carbon, energy and metals markets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Marta Gómez-Puig & Simón Sosvilla-Rivero, 2024. "The diabolic loop between sovereign and banking risk in the euro area," IREA Working Papers 202406, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Feb 2024.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bales, Stephan & Burghartz, Kaspar & Burghof, Hans-Peter & Hitz, Lukas, 2023. "Does the source of uncertainty matter? The impact of financial, newspaper and Twitter-based measures on U.S. banks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    2. Foglia, Matteo & Angelini, Eliana, 2020. "The diabolical sovereigns/banks risk loop: A VAR quantile design," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
    3. Christian Gross & Pierre L. Siklos, 2020. "Analyzing credit risk transmission to the nonfinancial sector in Europe: A network approach," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(1), pages 61-81, January.
    4. Neyer, Ulrike & Sterzel, André, 2017. "Capital requirements for government bonds: Implications for bank behaviour and financial stability," DICE Discussion Papers 275, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    5. Ozcan Ceylan, 2023. "Analysis of Dynamic Connectedness among Sovereign CDS Premia," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 9(1), pages 33-47, June.
    6. Caporin, Massimiliano & Natvik, Gisle J. & Ravazzolo, Francesco & Santucci de Magistris, Paolo, 2019. "The bank-sovereign nexus: Evidence from a non-bailout episode," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 181-196.
    7. Martien Lamers & Thomas Present & Nicolas Soenen & Rudi Vander Vennet, 2023. "Does BRRD mitigate the bank-to-sovereign risk channel?," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 23/1060, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    8. Mardi Dungey & John Harvey & Pierre Siklos & Vladimir Volkov, 2017. "Signed spillover effects building on historical decompositions," CAMA Working Papers 2017-52, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    9. Gomez-Puig, Marta & Singh, Manish K. & Sosvilla-Rivero, Simon, 2019. "The sovereign-bank nexus in peripheral euro area: Further evidence from contingent claims analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1-26.
    10. Greenwood-Nimmo, Matthew & Nguyen, Viet Hoang & Shin, Yongcheol, 2023. "What is mine is yours: Sovereign risk transmission during the European debt crisis," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    11. Cifarelli, Giulio & Paladino, Giovanna, 2020. "A non-linear analysis of the sovereign bank nexus in the EU," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
    12. Dungey, Mardi & Harvey, John & Volkov, Vladimir, 2019. "The changing international network of sovereign debt and financial institutions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 149-168.
    13. Garcia-de-Andoain, Carlos & Kremer, Manfred, 2017. "Beyond spreads: Measuring sovereign market stress in the euro area," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 153-156.
    14. Böhm, Hannes & Eichler, Stefan, 2018. "Avoiding the fall into the loop: Isolating the transmission of bank-to-sovereign distress in the euro area and its drivers," IWH Discussion Papers 19/2018, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    15. Thomas Conefrey & David Cronin, 2015. "Spillover in Euro Area Sovereign Bond Markets," The Economic and Social Review, Economic and Social Studies, vol. 46(2), pages 197-231.
    16. Ben R. Craig & Margherita Giuzio & Sandra Paterlini, 2019. "The Effect of Possible EU Diversification Requirements on the Risk of Banks’ Sovereign Bond Portfolios," Working Papers 19-12, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    17. Böhm, Hannes & Eichler, Stefan, 2020. "Avoiding the fall into the loop: Isolating the transmission of bank-to-sovereign distress in the Euro Area," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    18. Foglia, Matteo & Addi, Abdelhamid & Angelini, Eliana, 2022. "The Eurozone banking sector in the time of COVID-19: Measuring volatility connectedness," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    19. Boakye, Robert Owusu & Mensah, Lord Kwaku & Kang, Sang Hoon & Osei, Kofi Acheampong, 2023. "Foreign exchange market return spillovers and connectedness among African countries," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    20. Capasso, Salvatore & D'Uva, Marcella & Fiorelli, Cristiana & Napolitano, Oreste, 2023. "Cross-border Italian sovereign risk transmission in EMU countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Sovereign-bank contagion; Wavelet transformation; Financial stability; Network analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:83:y:2022:i:c:s1057521922002514. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620166 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.