IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v84y2015icp15-24.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Towards the optimal design of a co-located wind-wave farm

Author

Listed:
  • Astariz, S.
  • Perez-Collazo, C.
  • Abanades, J.
  • Iglesias, G.

Abstract

The cost competitiveness of wave energy must be enhanced if it is to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels. This can be achieved by realising the synergies between wave and offshore wind energy through co-located wind turbines and WECs (Wave Energy Converters). First, by using the infrastructure of the wind farm the WECs will be less costly to install and maintain. Second, by deploying the WECs along the periphery of the farm a milder wave climate (shadow effect) will ensue within the farm and result in reduced structural loads and enlarged weather windows for Operation & Maintenance. The objective of this work is to investigate the optimum layout for the co-located wind-wave farm with a view to maximising these benefits. This investigation is carried out through a case study: an offshore wind farm consisting of 80 turbines in the Wave Hub area (SW England). To analyse the influence of the farm layout, high-resolution numerical modelling is used, and no fewer than 14 different layouts are compared. We find that the layout does play a fundamental role and that reductions of up to 40% in the significant wave height can be achieved – or up to 64% in terms of energy density.

Suggested Citation

  • Astariz, S. & Perez-Collazo, C. & Abanades, J. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Towards the optimal design of a co-located wind-wave farm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 15-24.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:84:y:2015:i:c:p:15-24
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.01.114
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544215002509
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2015.01.114?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. López, I. & Pereiras, B. & Castro, F. & Iglesias, G., 2014. "Optimisation of turbine-induced damping for an OWC wave energy converter using a RANS–VOF numerical model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 105-114.
    2. Palha, Artur & Mendes, Lourenço & Fortes, Conceição Juana & Brito-Melo, Ana & Sarmento, António, 2010. "The impact of wave energy farms in the shoreline wave climate: Portuguese pilot zone case study using Pelamis energy wave devices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 62-77.
    3. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2011. "Choosing the site for the first wave farm in a region: A case study in the Galician Southwest (Spain)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5525-5531.
    4. Falnes, Johannes & Lovseth, Jorgen, 1991. "Ocean wave energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(8), pages 768-775, October.
    5. Iglesias, G. & López, M. & Carballo, R. & Castro, A. & Fraguela, J.A. & Frigaard, P., 2009. "Wave energy potential in Galicia (NW Spain)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2323-2333.
    6. Dalton, G.J. & Alcorn, R. & Lewis, T., 2012. "A 10 year installation program for wave energy in Ireland: A case study sensitivity analysis on financial returns," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 80-89.
    7. Fusco, Francesco & Nolan, Gary & Ringwood, John V., 2010. "Variability reduction through optimal combination of wind/wave resources – An Irish case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 314-325.
    8. Allan, Grant J. & Bryden, Ian & McGregor, Peter G. & Stallard, Tim & Kim Swales, J. & Turner, Karen & Wallace, Robin, 2008. "Concurrent and legacy economic and environmental impacts from establishing a marine energy sector in Scotland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 2734-2753, July.
    9. El Marjani, A. & Castro Ruiz, F. & Rodriguez, M.A. & Parra Santos, M.T., 2008. "Numerical modelling in wave energy conversion systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1246-1253.
    10. Vicinanza, D. & Contestabile, P. & Ferrante, V., 2013. "Wave energy potential in the north-west of Sardinia (Italy)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 506-521.
    11. Vasiliki Stratigaki & Peter Troch & Tim Stallard & David Forehand & Jens Peter Kofoed & Matt Folley & Michel Benoit & Aurélien Babarit & Jens Kirkegaard, 2014. "Wave Basin Experiments with Large Wave Energy Converter Arrays to Study Interactions between the Converters and Effects on Other Users in the Sea and the Coastal Area," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-34, February.
    12. Peña, Alfredo & Réthoré, Pierre-Elouan & Rathmann, Ole, 2014. "Modeling large offshore wind farms under different atmospheric stability regimes with the Park wake model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 164-171.
    13. Caballero, F. & Sauma, E. & Yanine, F., 2013. "Business optimal design of a grid-connected hybrid PV (photovoltaic)-wind energy system without energy storage for an Easter Island's block," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 248-261.
    14. Allan, Grant & Gilmartin, Michelle & McGregor, Peter & Swales, Kim, 2011. "Levelised costs of Wave and Tidal energy in the UK: Cost competitiveness and the importance of "banded" Renewables Obligation Certificates," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 23-39, January.
    15. Mirzaei, Ali & Tangang, Fredolin & Juneng, Liew, 2014. "Wave energy potential along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 722-734.
    16. Paixão Conde, J.M. & Gato, L.M.C., 2008. "Numerical study of the air-flow in an oscillating water column wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(12), pages 2637-2644.
    17. Smith, Helen C.M. & Pearce, Charles & Millar, Dean L., 2012. "Further analysis of change in nearshore wave climate due to an offshore wave farm: An enhanced case study for the Wave Hub site," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 51-64.
    18. Stoutenburg, Eric D. & Jenkins, Nicholas & Jacobson, Mark Z., 2010. "Power output variations of co-located offshore wind turbines and wave energy converters in California," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 2781-2791.
    19. Farrugia, R. & Sant, T. & Micallef, D., 2014. "Investigating the aerodynamic performance of a model offshore floating wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 24-30.
    20. Babarit, A. & Hals, J. & Muliawan, M.J. & Kurniawan, A. & Moan, T. & Krokstad, J., 2012. "Numerical benchmarking study of a selection of wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 44-63.
    21. Neill, Simon P. & Litt, Emmer J. & Couch, Scott J. & Davies, Alan G., 2009. "The impact of tidal stream turbines on large-scale sediment dynamics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2803-2812.
    22. Muliawan, Made Jaya & Karimirad, Madjid & Moan, Torgeir, 2013. "Dynamic response and power performance of a combined Spar-type floating wind turbine and coaxial floating wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 47-57.
    23. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2010. "Wave energy resource in the Estaca de Bares area (Spain)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1574-1584.
    24. Rusu, Eugen & Onea, Florin, 2013. "Evaluation of the wind and wave energy along the Caspian Sea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1-14.
    25. Deane, J.P. & Dalton, G. & Ó Gallachóir, B.P., 2012. "Modelling the economic impacts of 500MW of wave power in Ireland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 614-627.
    26. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2010. "Wave power for La Isla Bonita," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5013-5021.
    27. Veigas, M. & Ramos, V. & Iglesias, G., 2014. "A wave farm for an island: Detailed effects on the nearshore wave climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 801-812.
    28. Rourke, Fergal O. & Boyle, Fergal & Reynolds, Anthony, 2010. "Marine current energy devices: Current status and possible future applications in Ireland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 1026-1036, April.
    29. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2009. "Wave energy potential along the Death Coast (Spain)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 1963-1975.
    30. Prässler, Thomas & Schaechtele, Jan, 2012. "Comparison of the financial attractiveness among prospective offshore wind parks in selected European countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 86-101.
    31. O'Rourke, Fergal & Boyle, Fergal & Reynolds, Anthony, 2010. "Tidal current energy resource assessment in Ireland: Current status and future update," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 3206-3212, December.
    32. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2011. "Wave resource in El Hierro—an island towards energy self-sufficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 689-698.
    33. Bernhoff, Hans & Sjöstedt, Elisabeth & Leijon, Mats, 2006. "Wave energy resources in sheltered sea areas: A case study of the Baltic Sea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(13), pages 2164-2170.
    34. Defne, Zafer & Haas, Kevin A. & Fritz, Hermann M., 2009. "Wave power potential along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 2197-2205.
    35. Lund, H., 2006. "Large-scale integration of optimal combinations of PV, wind and wave power into the electricity supply," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 503-515.
    36. Lenee-Bluhm, Pukha & Paasch, Robert & Özkan-Haller, H. Tuba, 2011. "Characterizing the wave energy resource of the US Pacific Northwest," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2106-2119.
    37. Neill, Simon P. & Jordan, James R. & Couch, Scott J., 2012. "Impact of tidal energy converter (TEC) arrays on the dynamics of headland sand banks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 387-397.
    38. Carballo, R. & Iglesias, G. & Castro, A., 2009. "Numerical model evaluation of tidal stream energy resources in the Ría de Muros (NW Spain)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1517-1524.
    39. Smith, Helen C.M. & Haverson, David & Smith, George H., 2013. "A wave energy resource assessment case study: Review, analysis and lessons learnt," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 510-521.
    40. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2010. "Offshore and inshore wave energy assessment: Asturias (N Spain)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1964-1972.
    41. Tedd, James & Peter Kofoed, Jens, 2009. "Measurements of overtopping flow time series on the Wave Dragon, wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 711-717.
    42. Carballo, R. & Iglesias, G., 2013. "Wave farm impact based on realistic wave-WEC interaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 216-229.
    43. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2010. "Wave energy and nearshore hot spots: The case of the SE Bay of Biscay," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 2490-2500.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Martinez, A. & Iglesias, G., 2020. "Wave exploitability index and wave resource classification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    2. Martinez, A. & Iglesias, G., 2022. "Mapping of the levelised cost of energy for floating offshore wind in the European Atlantic," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Onea, Florin & Rusu, Eugen, 2016. "The expected efficiency and coastal impact of a hybrid energy farm operating in the Portuguese nearshore," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 411-423.
    4. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2016. "Output power smoothing and reduced downtime period by combined wind and wave energy farms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 69-81.
    5. Castro-Santos, Laura & Garcia, Geuffer Prado & Simões, Teresa & Estanqueiro, Ana, 2019. "Planning of the installation of offshore renewable energies: A GIS approach of the Portuguese roadmap," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1251-1262.
    6. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2016. "Co-located wind and wave energy farms: Uniformly distributed arrays," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 497-508.
    7. Ho, Lip-Wah & Lie, Tek-Tjing & Leong, Paul TM & Clear, Tony, 2018. "Developing offshore wind farm siting criteria by using an international Delphi method," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 53-67.
    8. Choupin, Ophelie & Del Río-Gamero, B. & Schallenberg-Rodríguez, Julieta & Yánez-Rosales, Pablo, 2022. "Integration of assessment-methods for wave renewable energy: Resource and installation feasibility," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 455-482.
    9. Pasquale Contestabile & Enrico Di Lauro & Paolo Galli & Cesare Corselli & Diego Vicinanza, 2017. "Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Assessment around Malè and Magoodhoo Island (Maldives)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-24, April.
    10. Christie, David & Neill, Simon P. & Arnold, Peter, 2023. "Characterising the wave energy resource of Lanzarote, Canary Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1198-1211.
    11. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2017. "The collocation feasibility index – A method for selecting sites for co-located wave and wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 811-824.
    12. Vazquez, A. & Iglesias, G., 2016. "Capital costs in tidal stream energy projects – A spatial approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 215-226.
    13. Sricharan, V.V.S. & Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan, 2021. "Time-domain analysis of a bean-shaped multi-body floating wave energy converter with a hydraulic power take-off using WEC-Sim," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    14. Castro-Santos, Laura & Martins, Elson & Guedes Soares, C., 2017. "Economic comparison of technological alternatives to harness offshore wind and wave energies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1121-1130.
    15. Astariz, S. & Perez-Collazo, C. & Abanades, J. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Co-located wave-wind farms: Economic assessment as a function of layout," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 837-849.
    16. Sharay Astariz & Gregorio Iglesias, 2015. "Enhancing Wave Energy Competitiveness through Co-Located Wind and Wave Energy Farms. A Review on the Shadow Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-23, July.
    17. Yazdi, Hossein & Ghafari, Hamid Reza & Ghassemi, Hassan & He, Guanghua & Karimirad, Madjid, 2023. "Wave power extraction by Multi-Salter's duck WECs arrayed on the floating offshore wind turbine platform," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    18. Clark, Caitlyn E. & Miller, Annalise & DuPont, Bryony, 2019. "An analytical cost model for co-located floating wind-wave energy arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 885-897.
    19. Li, Ming & Luo, Haojie & Zhou, Shijie & Senthil Kumar, Gokula Manikandan & Guo, Xinman & Law, Tin Chung & Cao, Sunliang, 2022. "State-of-the-art review of the flexibility and feasibility of emerging offshore and coastal ocean energy technologies in East and Southeast Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    20. Del Pozo Gonzalez, Hector & Bianchi, Fernando D. & Dominguez-Garcia, Jose Luis & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2023. "Co-located wind-wave farms: Optimal control and grid integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    21. Carlos Perez-Collazo & Deborah Greaves & Gregorio Iglesias, 2018. "A Novel Hybrid Wind-Wave Energy Converter for Jacket-Frame Substructures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-20, March.
    22. Takvor H. Soukissian & Dimitra Denaxa & Flora Karathanasi & Aristides Prospathopoulos & Konstantinos Sarantakos & Athanasia Iona & Konstantinos Georgantas & Spyridon Mavrakos, 2017. "Marine Renewable Energy in the Mediterranean Sea: Status and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-56, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "The economics of wave energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 397-408.
    2. Sharay Astariz & Gregorio Iglesias, 2015. "Enhancing Wave Energy Competitiveness through Co-Located Wind and Wave Energy Farms. A Review on the Shadow Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-23, July.
    3. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2014. "Wave farm impact: The role of farm-to-coast distance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 375-385.
    4. Astariz, S. & Perez-Collazo, C. & Abanades, J. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Co-located wave-wind farms: Economic assessment as a function of layout," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 837-849.
    5. Abanades, J. & Greaves, D. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Coastal defence using wave farms: The role of farm-to-coast distance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 572-582.
    6. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2016. "Co-located wind and wave energy farms: Uniformly distributed arrays," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 497-508.
    7. Carballo, R. & Sánchez, M. & Ramos, V. & Castro, A., 2014. "A tool for combined WEC-site selection throughout a coastal region: Rias Baixas, NW Spain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 11-19.
    8. Carballo, R. & Sánchez, M. & Ramos, V. & Taveira-Pinto, F. & Iglesias, G., 2014. "A high resolution geospatial database for wave energy exploitation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 572-583.
    9. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2017. "The collocation feasibility index – A method for selecting sites for co-located wave and wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 811-824.
    10. Carballo, R. & Iglesias, G., 2013. "Wave farm impact based on realistic wave-WEC interaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 216-229.
    11. Zhou, Guoqing & Huang, Jingjin & Zhang, Guangyun, 2015. "Evaluation of the wave energy conditions along the coastal waters of Beibu Gulf, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 449-457.
    12. Morim, Joao & Cartwright, Nick & Etemad-Shahidi, Amir & Strauss, Darrell & Hemer, Mark, 2016. "Wave energy resource assessment along the Southeast coast of Australia on the basis of a 31-year hindcast," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 276-297.
    13. Carballo, R. & Sánchez, M. & Ramos, V. & Fraguela, J.A. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "The intra-annual variability in the performance of wave energy converters: A comparative study in N Galicia (Spain)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 138-146.
    14. Veigas, M. & Ramos, V. & Iglesias, G., 2014. "A wave farm for an island: Detailed effects on the nearshore wave climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 801-812.
    15. Besio, G. & Mentaschi, L. & Mazzino, A., 2016. "Wave energy resource assessment in the Mediterranean Sea on the basis of a 35-year hindcast," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 50-63.
    16. Rusu, Liliana & Onea, Florin, 2015. "Assessment of the performances of various wave energy converters along the European continental coasts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 889-904.
    17. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2016. "Output power smoothing and reduced downtime period by combined wind and wave energy farms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 69-81.
    18. Sierra, J.P. & González-Marco, D. & Sospedra, J. & Gironella, X. & Mösso, C. & Sánchez-Arcilla, A., 2013. "Wave energy resource assessment in Lanzarote (Spain)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 480-489.
    19. Iglesias, G. & Carballo, R., 2011. "Wave resource in El Hierro—an island towards energy self-sufficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 689-698.
    20. Khojasteh, Danial & Khojasteh, Davood & Kamali, Reza & Beyene, Asfaw & Iglesias, Gregorio, 2018. "Assessment of renewable energy resources in Iran; with a focus on wave and tidal energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2992-3005.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:84:y:2015:i:c:p:15-24. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.