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Battery swap pricing and charging strategy for electric taxis in China

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  • Liang, Yanni
  • Zhang, Xingping

Abstract

The energy-saving and emission-reduction performance of electric vehicle is closely related to its charging method and operation mode. In order to enhance the energy-saving and emission-reduction effect of electric vehicles, this paper develops a real-time battery swap pricing model for electric taxis in China from the perspective of system. The charging and swapping system covers various stakeholders who have significant impacts on battery swap pricing. So the proposed model includes five modules: power grid load monitoring, generator set dispatch, battery swapping station operation, electric taxi driver response and evaluation of all stakeholders' benefits. To reduce the carbon emissions of electric taxis' energy source and maximize the global benefits to all stakeholders, authors consider four battery swap pricing scenarios and two charging strategies for battery swapping station, and design a battery swap pricing mechanism in China according to the analysis results. The simulation results demonstrate that battery swap pricing based on a peak-valley time-of-use tariff with a decentralized charging strategy has the greatest energy efficiency and economic effects which can enhance 45371.15 kg carbon emissions reduction and 48220.86 yuan combine benefits to all stakeholders.

Suggested Citation

  • Liang, Yanni & Zhang, Xingping, 2018. "Battery swap pricing and charging strategy for electric taxis in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 561-577.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:147:y:2018:i:c:p:561-577
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.082
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    2. Wang, Yang & Lai, Kexing & Chen, Fengyun & Li, Zhengming & Hu, Chunhua, 2019. "Shadow price based co-ordination methods of microgrids and battery swapping stations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
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    5. Yang, Jie & Liu, Wei & Ma, Kai & Yue, Zhiyuan & Zhu, Anhu & Guo, Shiliang, 2023. "An optimal battery allocation model for battery swapping station of electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    6. Cui, Dingsong & Wang, Zhenpo & Liu, Peng & Wang, Shuo & Dorrell, David G. & Li, Xiaohui & Zhan, Weipeng, 2023. "Operation optimization approaches of electric vehicle battery swapping and charging station: A literature review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    7. Jian, Liu & Zechun, Hu & Banister, David & Yongqiang, Zhao & Zhongying, Wang, 2018. "The future of energy storage shaped by electric vehicles: A perspective from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 249-257.
    8. Mahoor, Mohsen & Hosseini, Zohreh S. & Khodaei, Amin, 2019. "Least-cost operation of a battery swapping station with random customer requests," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 913-921.
    9. Zhou, Min & Long, Piao & Kong, Nan & Zhao, Lindu & Jia, Fu & Campy, Kathryn S., 2021. "Characterizing the motivational mechanism behind taxi driver’s adoption of electric vehicles for living: Insights from China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 134-152.
    10. Tao, Ye & Huang, Miaohua & Chen, Yupu & Yang, Lan, 2020. "Orderly charging strategy of battery electric vehicle driven by real-world driving data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    11. Xuewen Geng & Fengbin An & Chengmin Wang & Xi He, 2023. "Battery Swapping Station Pricing Optimization Considering Market Clearing and Electric Vehicles’ Driving Demand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    12. Hao Qiang & Yanchun Hu & Wenqi Tang & Xiaohua Zhang, 2023. "Research on Optimization Strategy of Battery Swapping for Electric Taxis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, February.
    13. Kaifu Yuan & Chao Li & Guangqiang Wu, 2023. "Study on Vehicle Supply Chain Operation Mode Selection Based on Battery Leasing and Battery Swapping Services," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-21, July.
    14. Yan, Jie & Menghwar, Mohan & Asghar, Ehtisham & Kumar Panjwani, Manoj & Liu, Yongqian, 2019. "Real-time energy management for a smart-community microgrid with battery swapping and renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 180-194.
    15. Amiri, Saeed Salimi & Jadid, Shahram & Saboori, Hedayat, 2018. "Multi-objective optimum charging management of electric vehicles through battery swapping stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 549-562.
    16. Guohao Li & Tao Wang, 2022. "Long-Term Leases vs. One-Off Purchases: Game Analysis on Battery Swapping Mode Considering Cascade Utilization and Power Structure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-28, December.
    17. Zhang, Shuo & Li, Xinxin & Li, Yingzi & Zheng, Yidan & Liu, Jie, 2023. "A green-fitting dispatching model of station cluster for battery swapping under charging-discharging mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).

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