IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v116y2016ip1p694-700.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and energy use efficiency (EUE) analysis in rainfed canola production (case study: Golestan province, Iran)

Author

Listed:
  • Kazemi, Hossein
  • Bourkheili, Saeid Hassanpour
  • Kamkar, Behnam
  • Soltani, Afshin
  • Gharanjic, Kambiz
  • Nazari, Noor Mohammad

Abstract

Increasing the use of energy inputs in agricultural section has been led to numerous environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, high consumption of non-renewable resources, loss of biodiversity and environment pollutions. The study was aimed to analyze the energy use efficiency (EUE) and estimation of GHG emissions from rainfed–based canola production systems (RCPSs) in Iran. In this study, data were collected from 35 farms in Golestan province (northeast of Iran) by a face to face questionnaire performed and statistical yearbooks of 2014. The amount of GHG emissions (per hectare) from inputs used in RCPSs was calculated using CO2 emissions coefficient of agricultural inputs. Results showed that the EUE and net energy (NE) were as 3.44 and 35,537.81 MJ ha−1, respectively. The value of these indices for the study area indicated that surveyed fields are approximately efficient in the use of energy for canola production. The highest share of energy consumption belonged to nitrogen fertilizer (42.09%) followed by diesel fuel (39.81%). In production of rainfed canola, GHG emission was estimated as 1009.91 kg CO2 equivalent per hectare. Based on the results, nitrogen fertilizer (44.15%), diesel fuel (30.16%) and machinery (14.49%) for field operations had the highest share of GHG emission. The total consumed energy by inputs could be classified as direct energy (40.09%), and indirect energy (59.91%) or renewable energy (2.02%) and nonrenewable energy (97.98%). These results demonstrate that the share of renewable energies in canola production is very low in the studied region and agriculture in Iran is very much dependent on non-renewable energies. In this study, the energy use status in RCPSs has analyzed and the main involved causes have been interpreted.

Suggested Citation

  • Kazemi, Hossein & Bourkheili, Saeid Hassanpour & Kamkar, Behnam & Soltani, Afshin & Gharanjic, Kambiz & Nazari, Noor Mohammad, 2016. "Estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and energy use efficiency (EUE) analysis in rainfed canola production (case study: Golestan province, Iran)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 694-700.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:116:y:2016:i:p1:p:694-700
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544216314311
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.010?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beheshti Tabar, Iman & Keyhani, Alireza & Rafiee, Shaheen, 2010. "Energy balance in Iran's agronomy (1990-2006)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 849-855, February.
    2. Samavatean, Naeimeh & Rafiee, Shahin & Mobli, Hossein & Mohammadi, Ali, 2011. "An analysis of energy use and relation between energy inputs and yield, costs and income of garlic production in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1808-1813.
    3. Taghavifar, Hamid & Mardani, Aref, 2015. "Energy consumption analysis of wheat production in West Azarbayjan utilizing life cycle assessment (LCA)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 208-213.
    4. Ghorbani, Reza & Mondani, Farzad & Amirmoradi, Shahram & Feizi, Hassan & Khorramdel, Surror & Teimouri, Mozhgan & Sanjani, Sara & Anvarkhah, Sepideh & Aghel, Hassan, 2011. "A case study of energy use and economical analysis of irrigated and dryland wheat production systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 283-288, January.
    5. Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Rafiee, Shahin & Omid, Mahmoud & Yousefi, Marziye & Movahedi, Mehran, 2013. "Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 333-338.
    6. Unakitan, G. & Hurma, H. & Yilmaz, F., 2010. "An analysis of energy use efficiency of canola production in Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3623-3627.
    7. Ozkan, Burhan & Fert, Cemal & Karadeniz, C. Feyza, 2007. "Energy and cost analysis for greenhouse and open-field grape production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1500-1504.
    8. De, Dipankar & Singh, R. S. & Chandra, Hukum, 2001. "Technological impact on energy consumption in rainfed soybean cultivation in Madhya Pradesh," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(3), pages 193-213, November.
    9. Khan, S. & Khan, M.A. & Hanjra, M.A. & Mu, J., 2009. "Pathways to reduce the environmental footprints of water and energy inputs in food production," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 141-149, April.
    10. Nemecek, Thomas & Huguenin-Elie, Olivier & Dubois, David & Gaillard, Gérard & Schaller, Britta & Chervet, Andreas, 2011. "Life cycle assessment of Swiss farming systems: II. Extensive and intensive production," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 104(3), pages 233-245, March.
    11. Kazemi, Hossein & Kamkar, Behnam & Lakzaei, Somayeh & Badsar, Meysam & Shahbyki, Malihe, 2015. "Energy flow analysis for rice production in different geographical regions of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 390-396.
    12. Mousavi-Avval, Seyed Hashem & Rafiee, Shahin & Jafari, Ali & Mohammadi, Ali, 2011. "Improving energy use efficiency of canola production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2765-2772.
    13. Nemecek, Thomas & Dubois, David & Huguenin-Elie, Olivier & Gaillard, Gérard, 2011. "Life cycle assessment of Swiss farming systems: I. Integrated and organic farming," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 104(3), pages 217-232, March.
    14. Rafiee, Shahin & Mousavi Avval, Seyed Hashem & Mohammadi, Ali, 2010. "Modeling and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for apple production in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 3301-3306.
    15. Mousavi-Avval, Seyed Hashem & Rafiee, Shahin & Mohammadi, Ali, 2011. "Optimization of energy consumption and input costs for apple production in Iran using data envelopment analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 909-916.
    16. Uhlin, Hans-Erik, 1998. "Why energy productivity is increasing: An I-O analysis of Swedish agriculture," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 56(4), pages 443-465, April.
    17. Erdal, Gülistan & Esengün, Kemal & Erdal, Hilmi & Gündüz, Orhan, 2007. "Energy use and economical analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 35-41.
    18. Kizilaslan, Halil, 2009. "Input-output energy analysis of cherries production in Tokat Province of Turkey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(7-8), pages 1354-1358, July.
    19. Saljnikov, Elmira & Saljnikov, Aleksandar & Rahimgalieva, Saule & Cakmak, Dragan & Kresovic, Mirjana & Mrvic, Vesna & Dzhalankuzov, Temirbolat, 2014. "Impact of energy saving cultivations on soil parameters in northern Kazakhstan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 35-41.
    20. Ozkan, Burhan & Akcaoz, Handan & Fert, Cemal, 2004. "Energy input–output analysis in Turkish agriculture," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 39-51.
    21. Ramedani, Z. & Rafiee, S. & Heidari, M.D., 2011. "An investigation on energy consumption and sensitivity analysis of soybean production farms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 6340-6344.
    22. Mousavi-Avval, Seyed Hashem & Rafiee, Shahin & Jafari, Ali & Mohammadi, Ali, 2011. "Optimization of energy consumption for soybean production using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 3765-3772.
    23. Soltani, Afshin & Rajabi, M.H. & Zeinali, E. & Soltani, Elias, 2013. "Energy inputs and greenhouse gases emissions in wheat production in Gorgan, Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 54-61.
    24. Torki-Harchegani, Mehdi & Ebrahimi, Rahim & Mahmoodi-Eshkaftaki, Mahmood, 2015. "Almond production in Iran: An analysis of energy use efficiency (2008–2011)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 217-224.
    25. Alluvione, Francesco & Moretti, Barbara & Sacco, Dario & Grignani, Carlo, 2011. "EUE (energy use efficiency) of cropping systems for a sustainable agriculture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4468-4481.
    26. Ren, Lan Tian & Liu, Zu Xin & Wei, Tong Yang & Xie, Guang Hui, 2012. "Evaluation of energy input and output of sweet sorghum grown as a bioenergy crop on coastal saline-alkali land," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 166-173.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Martinho, Vítor João Pereira Domingues, 2021. "Direct and indirect energy consumption in farming: Impacts from fertilizer use," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    2. Dainius Steponavičius & Aurelija Kemzūraitė & Laimis Bauša & Ernestas Zaleckas, 2019. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pod Sealants in Increasing Pod Shattering Resistance in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Jamali, Mohsen & Soufizadeh, Saeid & Yeganeh, Bijan & Emam, Yahya, 2021. "A comparative study of irrigation techniques for energy flow and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in wheat agroecosystems under contrasting environments in south of Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    4. Morteza Zangeneh & Narges Banaeian & Sean Clark, 2021. "Meta-Analysis on Energy-Use Patterns of Cropping Systems in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-28, March.
    5. Firouzi, Saeed & Nikkhah, Amin & Aminpanah, Hashem, 2018. "Resource use efficiency of rice production upon single cropping and ratooning agro-systems in terms of bioethanol feedstock production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 694-701.
    6. Bakhshandeh, Esmaeil & Jamali, Mohsen & Emadi, Mostafa & Francaviglia, Rosa, 2022. "Greenhouse gas emissions and financial analysis of rice paddy production scenarios in northern Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    7. Rabiee, Mohammad & Majidian, Majid & Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza & Kavoosi, Masoud, 2021. "Evaluation of energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emission in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production in paddy fields of Guilan province of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Elsoragaby, Suha & Yahya, Azmi & Mahadi, Muhammad Razif & Nawi, Nazmi Mat & Mairghany, Modather, 2019. "Energy utilization in major crop cultivation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1285-1303.
    2. Barut, Zeliha Bereket & Ertekin, Can & Karaagac, Hasan Ali, 2011. "Tillage effects on energy use for corn silage in Mediterranean Coastal of Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5466-5475.
    3. Sara Ilahi & Yongchang Wu & Muhammad Ahsan Ali Raza & Wenshan Wei & Muhammad Imran & Lyankhua Bayasgalankhuu, 2019. "Optimization Approach for Improving Energy Efficiency and Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emission of Wheat Crop using Data Envelopment Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Yuan, Shen & Peng, Shaobing & Wang, Dong & Man, Jianguo, 2018. "Evaluation of the energy budget and energy use efficiency in wheat production under various crop management practices in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 184-191.
    5. Asgharipour, Mohammad Reza & Mondani, Farzad & Riahinia, Shahram, 2012. "Energy use efficiency and economic analysis of sugar beet production system in Iran: A case study in Khorasan Razavi province," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 1078-1084.
    6. Unakıtan, Gökhan & Aydın, Başak, 2018. "A comparison of energy use efficiency and economic analysis of wheat and sunflower production in Turkey: A case study in Thrace Region," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 279-285.
    7. Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Rafiee, Shahin & Omid, Mahmoud & Yousefi, Marziye & Movahedi, Mehran, 2013. "Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 333-338.
    8. Stanisław Bielski & Renata Marks-Bielska & Paweł Wiśniewski, 2022. "Investigation of Energy and Economic Balance and GHG Emissions in the Production of Different Cultivars of Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench): A Case Study in Northeastern Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-24, December.
    9. Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Rafiee, Shahin & Omid, Mahmoud & Mousazadeh, Hossein, 2013. "Applying data envelopment analysis approach to improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG (greenhouse gas) emission of wheat production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 588-593.
    10. Pishgar-Komleh, Seyyed Hassan & Keyhani, Alireza & Mostofi-Sarkari, Mohammad Reza & Jafari, Ali, 2012. "Energy and economic analysis of different seed corn harvesting systems in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 469-476.
    11. Hossein Kazemi Author- Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Iran, 2016. "Energy Balance in Modern Agroecosystems; Why and How?," Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 1(5), pages 101-104, June.
    12. Yang, Zhiyuan & Zhu, Yuemei & Zhang, Jinyue & Li, Xuyi & Ma, Peng & Sun, Jiawei & Sun, Yongjian & Ma, Jun & Li, Na, 2022. "Comparison of energy use between fully mechanized and semi-mechanized rice production in Southwest China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    13. Singh, Pritpal & Singh, Gurdeep & Gupta, Alok & Sodhi, Gurjinder Pal Singh, 2023. "Data envelopment analysis based energy optimization for improving energy efficiency in wheat established following rice residue management in rice-wheat cropping system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    14. Morteza Zangeneh & Narges Banaeian & Sean Clark, 2021. "Meta-Analysis on Energy-Use Patterns of Cropping Systems in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-28, March.
    15. Houshyar, Ehsan & Azadi, Hossein & Almassi, Morteza & Sheikh Davoodi, Mohammad Javad & Witlox, Frank, 2012. "Sustainable and efficient energy consumption of corn production in Southwest Iran: Combination of multi-fuzzy and DEA modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 672-681.
    16. Mousavi-Avval, Seyed Hashem & Rafiee, Shahin & Jafari, Ali & Mohammadi, Ali, 2011. "Improving energy use efficiency of canola production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2765-2772.
    17. Rabiee, Mohammad & Majidian, Majid & Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza & Kavoosi, Masoud, 2021. "Evaluation of energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emission in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production in paddy fields of Guilan province of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    18. Rajabi Hamedani, Sara & Keyhani, Alireza & Alimardani, Reza, 2011. "Energy use patterns and econometric models of grape production in Hamadan province of Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 6345-6351.
    19. Taheri-Rad, Alireza & Khojastehpour, Mehdi & Rohani, Abbas & Khoramdel, Surur & Nikkhah, Amin, 2017. "Energy flow modeling and predicting the yield of Iranian paddy cultivars using artificial neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 405-412.
    20. Singh, Pritpal & Singh, Gurdeep & Sodhi, G.P.S., 2019. "Applying DEA optimization approach for energy auditing in wheat cultivation under rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping systems in north-western India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 18-28.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:116:y:2016:i:p1:p:694-700. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.