IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v135y2019ics0301421519304896.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy Supplier 2.0: A conceptual business model for energy suppliers aggregating flexible distributed assets and policy issues raised

Author

Listed:
  • Specht, Jan Martin
  • Madlener, Reinhard

Abstract

The ongoing digitalization of the energy sector opens up opportunities for novel business models which can help to overcome some of the challenges accompanying the sustainable energy transition. One necessity in a more decentralized energy system with high shares of intermittent renewables is the provision of flexibility. This paper empirically applies the business model generation approach of Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010) in order to enhance our understanding of these transition challenges. The insights gained indicate that the focus of business models in the electricity supply market has to switch to a customer-driven perspective. To this end, the conceptual business model of an “Energy Supplier 2.0” as a dedicated aggregator of flexible capacities on the household level is investigated, showing how a specific new energy business model can tap the potential of distributed flexible energy assets. We find that the aggregation of the inherent economic potentials of these flexibilities is suitable to provide additional revenue streams, support grid operators, and promote customers to become “prosumers”. Despite these promising advantages, we find in the case of Germany that the current regulation and policies need to be adapted to achieve a broader diffusion of this type of business model and offer suggestions on the implementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Specht, Jan Martin & Madlener, Reinhard, 2019. "Energy Supplier 2.0: A conceptual business model for energy suppliers aggregating flexible distributed assets and policy issues raised," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:135:y:2019:i:c:s0301421519304896
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110911
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421519304896
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110911?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Helms, Thorsten, 2016. "Asset transformation and the challenges to servitize a utility business model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 98-112.
    2. repec:dar:wpaper:63687 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Unruh, Gregory C., 2002. "Escaping carbon lock-in," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 317-325, March.
    4. Thomas, Stephen, 2018. "Corporate performance of the Seven Brothers of the European energy market: Then there were five," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 164-174.
    5. Briguglio, Marie & Formosa, Glenn, 2017. "When households go solar: Determinants of uptake of a Photovoltaic Scheme and policy insights," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 154-162.
    6. Herbes, Carsten & Brummer, Vasco & Rognli, Judith & Blazejewski, Susanne & Gericke, Naomi, 2017. "Responding to policy change: New business models for renewable energy cooperatives – Barriers perceived by cooperatives’ members," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 82-95.
    7. Anaya, Karim L. & Pollitt, Michael G., 2015. "Integrating distributed generation: Regulation and trends in three leading countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 475-486.
    8. Siano, Pierluigi, 2014. "Demand response and smart grids—A survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 461-478.
    9. Wolfgang Elsenbast & Jens Perner & Aria Rodgarkia-Dara, 2017. "Was bringt die Anreizregulierung „2.1“? [What Will “Incentive Regulation 2.1” Deliver?]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 97(1), pages 64-70, January.
    10. Cossent, Rafael & Gómez, Tomás & Frías, Pablo, 2009. "Towards a future with large penetration of distributed generation: Is the current regulation of electricity distribution ready? Regulatory recommendations under a European perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 1145-1155, March.
    11. Camarinha-Matos, Luis M., 2016. "Collaborative smart grids – A survey on trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 283-294.
    12. Ernesto Garnier and Reinhard Madlener, 2016. "The Influence of Policy Regime Risks on Investments in Innovative Energy Technology," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Bollino-M).
    13. Sundt, Swantje & Rehdanz, Katrin, 2015. "Consumers' willingness to pay for green electricity: A meta-analysis of the literature," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-8.
    14. Ruester, Sophia & Schwenen, Sebastian & Batlle, Carlos & Pérez-Arriaga, Ignacio, 2014. "From distribution networks to smart distribution systems: Rethinking the regulation of European electricity DSOs," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 229-237.
    15. Ahlgren Ode, Kajsa & Lagerstedt Wadin, Jessica, 2019. "Business model translation—The case of spreading a business model for solar energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 23-31.
    16. Castaneda, Monica & Jimenez, Maritza & Zapata, Sebastian & Franco, Carlos J. & Dyner, Isaac, 2017. "Myths and facts of the utility death spiral," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 105-116.
    17. Aslani, Alireza & Mohaghar, Ali, 2013. "Business structure in renewable energy industry: Key areas," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 569-575.
    18. Karneyeva, Yuliya & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2017. "Solar feed-in tariffs in a post-grid parity world: The role of risk, investor diversity and business models," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 445-456.
    19. Turnheim, Bruno & Geels, Frank W., 2012. "Regime destabilisation as the flipside of energy transitions: Lessons from the history of the British coal industry (1913–1997)," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 35-49.
    20. Burger, Scott P. & Luke, Max, 2017. "Business models for distributed energy resources: A review and empirical analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 230-248.
    21. Veit, Daniel J. & Clemons, Eric K. & Benlian, Alexander & Buxmann, Peter & Hess, Thomas & Kundisch, D. & Leimeister, Jan Marco & Loos, Peter & Spann, Martin, 2014. "Business Models – an Information Systems Research Agenda," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 62747, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    22. Henry Chesbrough & Richard S. Rosenbloom, 2002. "The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's technology spin-off companies," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 11(3), pages 529-555, June.
    23. Bell, Keith & Gill, Simon, 2018. "Delivering a highly distributed electricity system: Technical, regulatory and policy challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 765-777.
    24. Tassey, Gregory, 2000. "Standardization in technology-based markets," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(4-5), pages 587-602, April.
    25. Ghezzi, Antonio & Cortimiglia, Marcelo Nogueira & Frank, Alejandro Germán, 2015. "Strategy and business model design in dynamic telecommunications industries: A study on Italian mobile network operators," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 90(PA), pages 346-354.
    26. Hall, Stephen & Roelich, Katy, 2016. "Business model innovation in electricity supply markets: The role of complex value in the United Kingdom," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 286-298.
    27. Ensslen, Axel & Ringler, Philipp & Dörr, Lasse & Jochem, Patrick & Zimmermann, Florian & Fichtner, Wolf, 2018. "Incentivizing smart charging: Modeling charging tariffs for electric vehicles in German and French electricity markets," MPRA Paper 91543, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Feb 2018.
    28. Fischer, W. & Hake, J.-Fr. & Kuckshinrichs, W. & Schröder, T. & Venghaus, S., 2016. "German energy policy and the way to sustainability: Five controversial issues in the debate on the “Energiewende”," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P3), pages 1580-1591.
    29. Hoppmann, Joern & Volland, Jonas & Schmidt, Tobias S. & Hoffmann, Volker H., 2014. "The economic viability of battery storage for residential solar photovoltaic systems – A review and a simulation model," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1101-1118.
    30. Laws, Nicholas D. & Epps, Brenden P. & Peterson, Steven O. & Laser, Mark S. & Wanjiru, G. Kamau, 2017. "On the utility death spiral and the impact of utility rate structures on the adoption of residential solar photovoltaics and energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 627-641.
    31. Zott, Christoph & Amit, Raphael & Massa, Lorenzo, 2010. "The business model: Theoretical roots, recent developments, and future research," IESE Research Papers D/862, IESE Business School.
    32. Gert Brunekreeft & Marius Buchmann & Toru Hattori & Roland Meyer, 2016. "Evaluation of Strategy of Power Generation Business under Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Energy," Bremen Energy Working Papers 0023, Bremen Energy Research.
    33. Overholm, Harald, 2015. "Spreading the rooftop revolution: What policies enable solar-as-a-service?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 69-79.
    34. repec:dar:wpaper:64420 is not listed on IDEAS
    35. Oberst, Christian & Madlener, Reinhard, 2015. "Prosumer Preferences Regarding the Adoption of Micro‐Generation Technologies: Empirical Evidence for German Homeowners," FCN Working Papers 22/2014, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    36. Aaron Praktiknjo and Georg Erdmann, 2016. "Renewable Electricity and Backup Capacities: An (Un-) Resolvable Problem?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Bollino-M).
    37. Kubli, Merla & Loock, Moritz & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2018. "The flexible prosumer: Measuring the willingness to co-create distributed flexibility," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 540-548.
    38. Markus Flaute & Anett Gro mann & Christian Lutz & Anne Nieters, 2017. "Macroeconomic Effects of Prosumer Households in Germany," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 146-155.
    39. Iria, José & Soares, Filipe & Matos, Manuel, 2018. "Optimal supply and demand bidding strategy for an aggregator of small prosumers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 658-669.
    40. Steinbach, Armin, 2013. "Barriers and solutions for expansion of electricity grids—the German experience," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 224-229.
    41. Kaenzig, Josef & Heinzle, Stefanie Lena & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2013. "Whatever the customer wants, the customer gets? Exploring the gap between consumer preferences and default electricity products in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 311-322.
    42. Alberts, Genevieve & Gurguc, Zeynep & Koutroumpis, Pantelis & Martin, Ralf & Muûls, Mirabelle & Napp, Tamaryn, 2016. "Competition and norms: A self-defeating combination?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 504-523.
    43. Soon, Jan-Jan & Ahmad, Siti-Aznor, 2015. "Willingly or grudgingly? A meta-analysis on the willingness-to-pay for renewable energy use," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 877-887.
    44. Lampropoulos, Ioannis & van den Broek, Machteld & van der Hoofd, Erik & Hommes, Klaas & van Sark, Wilfried, 2018. "A system perspective to the deployment of flexibility through aggregator companies in the Netherlands," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 534-551.
    45. Richter, Mario, 2013. "Business model innovation for sustainable energy: German utilities and renewable energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1226-1237.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ullah, Atta & Ullah, Saif & Pinglu, Chen & Khan, Saba, 2023. "Impact of FinTech, governance and environmental taxes on energy transition: Pre-post COVID-19 analysis of belt and road initiative countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    2. Guntram Pressmair & Christof Amann & Klemens Leutgöb, 2021. "Business Models for Demand Response: Exploring the Economic Limits for Small- and Medium-Sized Prosumers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-28, October.
    3. Karami, Mahdi & Madlener, Reinhard, 2022. "Business models for peer-to-peer energy trading in Germany based on households’ beliefs and preferences," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    4. Oliver Wagner & Thomas Adisorn & Lena Tholen & Dagmar Kiyar, 2020. "Surviving the Energy Transition: Development of a Proposal for Evaluating Sustainable Business Models for Incumbents in Germany’s Electricity Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, February.
    5. Marina Bertolini & Gregorio Morosinotto, 2023. "Business Models for Energy Community in the Aggregator Perspective: State of the Art and Research Gaps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-26, June.
    6. Yue Cui & Yunmeng Cao & Yijun Ji & I‐Shin Chang & Jing Wu, 2022. "Determinant factors and business strategy in a sustainable business model: An explorative analysis for the promotion of solid waste recycling technologies," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(5), pages 2533-2545, July.
    7. Specht, Jan Martin & Madlener, Reinhard, 2023. "Quantifying value pools for distributed flexible energy assets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    8. Palm, J. & Kojonsaari, A.-R. & Öhrlund, I. & Fowler, N. & Bartusch, C., 2023. "Drivers and barriers to participation in Sweden's local flexibility markets for electricity," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    9. Charis Vlados & Dimos Chatzinikolaou & Foteini Kapaltzoglou, 2021. "Energy Market Liberalisation in Greece: Structures, Policy and Prospects," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(2), pages 115-126.
    10. Chun Xia-Bauer & Florin Vondung & Stefan Thomas & Raphael Moser, 2022. "Business Model Innovations for Renewable Energy Prosumer Development in Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-17, June.
    11. Yamashiro, Ririka & Mori, Akihisa, 2023. "Combined third-party ownership and aggregation business model for the adoption of rooftop solar PV–battery systems: Implications from the case of Miyakojima Island, Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    12. Schleich, Joachim & Tu, Gengyang & Faure, Corinne & Guetlein, Marie-Charlotte, 2021. "Would you prefer to rent rather than own your new heating system? Insights from a discrete choice experiment among owner-occupiers in the UK," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    13. Tran, Chi Phuong & Pernia, Ronald A. & Nguyen-Thanh, Nhan, 2023. "Mess or match? How do academic perspectives meet the practitioner perspectives in terms of digital transformation?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    14. Gustavo E. Coria & Angel M. Sanchez & Ameena S. Al-Sumaiti & Guiseppe A. Rattá & Sergio R. Rivera & Andrés A. Romero, 2019. "A Framework for Determining a Prediction-Of-Use Tariff Aimed at Coordinating Aggregators of Plug-In Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-18, November.
    15. Fernández, Joaquín Delgado & Menci, Sergio Potenciano & Lee, Chul Min & Rieger, Alexander & Fridgen, Gilbert, 2022. "Privacy-preserving federated learning for residential short-term load forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    16. Jens Fuhrmann & Reinhard Madlener, 2020. "Evaluation of Synergies in the Context of European Multi-Business Utilities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-41, December.
    17. Amaral Lopes, Rui & Grønborg Junker, Rune & Martins, João & Murta-Pina, João & Reynders, Glenn & Madsen, Henrik, 2020. "Characterisation and use of energy flexibility in water pumping and storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    18. Hannah Mareike Marczinkowski & Luísa Barros, 2020. "Technical Approaches and Institutional Alignment to 100% Renewable Energy System Transition of Madeira Island—Electrification, Smart Energy and the Required Flexible Market Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    19. Bekirsky, N. & Hoicka, C.E. & Brisbois, M.C. & Ramirez Camargo, L., 2022. "Many actors amongst multiple renewables: A systematic review of actor involvement in complementarity of renewable energy sources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Specht, Jan Martin & Madlener, Reinhard, 2018. "Business Models for Energy Suppliers Aggregating Flexible Distributed Assets and Policy Issues Raised," FCN Working Papers 7/2018, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    2. Moritz Ehrtmann & Lars Holstenkamp & Timon Becker, 2021. "Regional Electricity Models for Community Energy in Germany: The Role of Governance Structures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Herbes, Carsten & Brummer, Vasco & Rognli, Judith & Blazejewski, Susanne & Gericke, Naomi, 2017. "Responding to policy change: New business models for renewable energy cooperatives – Barriers perceived by cooperatives’ members," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 82-95.
    4. Michael Hamwi & Iban Lizarralde, 2019. "Demand-side management and renewable energy business models for energy transition A systematic review," Post-Print hal-02448505, HAL.
    5. Inês, Campos & Guilherme, Pontes Luz & Esther, Marín-González & Swantje, Gährs & Stephen, Hall & Lars, Holstenkamp, 2020. "Regulatory challenges and opportunities for collective renewable energy prosumers in the EU," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    6. Kubli, Merla & Puranik, Sanket, 2023. "A typology of business models for energy communities: Current and emerging design options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    7. Hackbarth, André, 2018. "Attitudes, preferences, and intentions of German households concerning participation in peer-to-peer electricity trading," Reutlingen Working Papers on Marketing & Management 2019-2, Reutlingen University, ESB Business School.
    8. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    9. Yamashiro, Ririka & Mori, Akihisa, 2023. "Combined third-party ownership and aggregation business model for the adoption of rooftop solar PV–battery systems: Implications from the case of Miyakojima Island, Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    10. Pereira, Guillermo Ivan & Niesten, Eva & Pinkse, Jonatan, 2022. "Sustainable energy systems in the making: A study on business model adaptation in incumbent utilities," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    11. Say, Kelvin & John, Michele & Dargaville, Roger & Wills, Raymond T., 2018. "The coming disruption: The movement towards the customer renewable energy transition," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 737-748.
    12. Engelken, Maximilian & Römer, Benedikt & Drescher, Marcus & Welpe, Isabell M. & Picot, Arnold, 2016. "Comparing drivers, barriers, and opportunities of business models for renewable energies: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 795-809.
    13. Brown, Donal & Hall, Stephen & Davis, Mark E., 2019. "Prosumers in the post subsidy era: an exploration of new prosumer business models in the UK," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    14. Wolsink, Maarten, 2020. "Distributed energy systems as common goods: Socio-political acceptance of renewables in intelligent microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    15. Rancilio, G. & Rossi, A. & Falabretti, D. & Galliani, A. & Merlo, M., 2022. "Ancillary services markets in europe: Evolution and regulatory trade-offs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    16. Lehmann, Nico & Sloot, Daniel & Schüle, Christopher & Ardone, Armin & Fichtner, Wolf, 2023. "The motivational drivers behind consumer preferences for regional electricity – Results of a choice experiment in Southern Germany," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    17. Hall, Stephen & Roelich, Katy, 2016. "Business model innovation in electricity supply markets: The role of complex value in the United Kingdom," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 286-298.
    18. Botelho, D.F. & de Oliveira, L.W. & Dias, B.H. & Soares, T.A. & Moraes, C.A., 2022. "Prosumer integration into the Brazilian energy sector: An overview of innovative business models and regulatory challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    19. Knoefel, Jan & Sagebiel, Julian & Yildiz, Özgür & Müller, Jakob R. & Rommel, Jens, 2018. "A consumer perspective on corporate governance in the energy transition: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment in Germany," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 440-448.
    20. Bankel, Amanda & Mignon, Ingrid, 2022. "Solar business models from a firm perspective – an empirical study of the Swedish market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:135:y:2019:i:c:s0301421519304896. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.