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Decoding the Australian electricity market: New evidence from three-regime hidden semi-Markov model

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  • Apergis, Nicholas
  • Gozgor, Giray
  • Lau, Chi Keung Marco
  • Wang, Shixuan

Abstract

The hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) is more flexible than the hidden Markov model (HMM). As an extension of the HMM, the sojourn time distribution in the HSMM can be explicitly specified by any distribution, either nonparametric or parametric, facilitating the modelling for the stylised features of electricity prices, such as the short-lived spike and the time-varying mean. By using a three-regime HSMM, this paper investigates the hidden regimes in five Australian States (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania), spanning the period from June 8, 2008 to July 3, 2016. Based on the estimation results, we find evidence that the three hidden regimes correspond to a low-price regime, a high-price regime, and a spike regime. Running the decoding algorithm, the analysis systemically finds the timing of the three regimes, and thus, we link the empirical results to the policy changes in the Australian National Electricity Market. We further discuss the contributing factors for the different characteristics of the Australian electricity markets at the state-level.

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  • Apergis, Nicholas & Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Wang, Shixuan, 2019. "Decoding the Australian electricity market: New evidence from three-regime hidden semi-Markov model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 129-142.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:78:y:2019:i:c:p:129-142
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2018.10.038
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    2. Wang, Shixuan & Gupta, Rangan & Zhang, Yue-Jun, 2021. "Bear, Bull, Sidewalk, and Crash: The Evolution of the US Stock Market Using Over a Century of Daily Data," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    3. Tselika, Kyriaki, 2022. "The impact of variable renewables on the distribution of hourly electricity prices and their variability: A panel approach," Discussion Papers 2022/4, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    4. Apergis, Nicholas & Pan, Wei-Fong & Reade, James & Wang, Shixuan, 2023. "Modelling Australian electricity prices using indicator saturation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    5. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Karim, Sitara & Rabbani, Mustafa Raza & Nepal, Rabindra & Uddin, Gazi Salah, 2022. "Market integration in the Australian National Electricity Market: Fresh evidence from asymmetric time-frequency connectedness," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    6. Nadja Klein & Michael Stanley Smith & David J. Nott, 2023. "Deep distributional time series models and the probabilistic forecasting of intraday electricity prices," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(4), pages 493-511, June.
    7. Sitara Karim & Muhammad Abubakr Naeem, 2022. "Clean Energy, Australian Electricity Markets, and Information Transmission," Energy RESEARCH LETTERS, Asia-Pacific Applied Economics Association, vol. 3(Early Vie), pages 1-6.
    8. Abdullah, Mohammad & Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Wali Ullah, G M & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Khan, Isma, 2023. "Tail risk contagion across electricity markets in crisis periods," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
    9. Hung Do & Rabindra Nepal & Russell Smyth, 2020. "Interconnectedness in the Australian National Electricity Market: A Higher‐Moment Analysis," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 96(315), pages 450-469, December.
    10. Tselika, Kyriaki, 2022. "The impact of variable renewables on the distribution of hourly electricity prices and their variability: A panel approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    11. Apergis, Nicholas & Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Wang, Shixuan, 2020. "Dependence structure in the Australian electricity markets: New evidence from regular vine copulae," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    12. Chanatásig-Niza, Evelyn & Ciarreta, Aitor & Zarraga, Ainhoa, 2022. "A volatility spillover analysis with realized semi(co)variances in Australian electricity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    13. Nadja Klein & Michael Stanley Smith & David J. Nott, 2020. "Deep Distributional Time Series Models and the Probabilistic Forecasting of Intraday Electricity Prices," Papers 2010.01844, arXiv.org, revised May 2021.
    14. Hu, Shicheng & Zhang, Weijie & Li, Danping & Wu, Bing, 2023. "Incorporating improved directional change and regime change detection to formulate trading strategies in foreign exchange markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 622(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Australian electricity markets; Hidden semi-Markov model; Time-varying mean; Price spikes; Regime-switching;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • L97 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Utilities: General
    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General

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