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A clean, green haven?—Examining the relationship between clean energy, clean and dirty cryptocurrencies

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  • Ren, Boru
  • Lucey, Brian

Abstract

Is clean energy a safe haven for cryptocurrencies, or vice versa? In this paper, we investigate the hedge and safe haven property of a wide range of clean energy indices against two distinct types of cryptocurrencies based on their energy consumption levels, termed “dirty” and “clean”. Statistical evidence shows that clean energy is not a direct hedge for either of types. However, it serves as at least a weak safe haven for both in extreme bearish markets. Moreover, clean energy is more likely to be a safe haven for dirty cryptocurrencies than clean cryptocurrencies during increased uncertainty. We further study the spillover patterns among clean energy, cryptocurrency, stock, and gold markets. Weak connectedness is found between clean energy and cryptocurrencies which implies the potential use of clean energy as a hedge and diversification tool for cryptocurrencies in the future.

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  • Ren, Boru & Lucey, Brian, 2022. "A clean, green haven?—Examining the relationship between clean energy, clean and dirty cryptocurrencies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:109:y:2022:i:c:s0140988322001281
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2022.105951
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    3. Duan, Kun & Zhao, Yanqi & Urquhart, Andrew & Huang, Yingying, 2023. "Do clean and dirty cryptocurrencies connect with financial assets differently? The role of economic policy uncertainty," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
    4. Pan Jiang & Hanwen Zhang & Mengyue Li & Yuhan Zhang & Xiujuan Gong & Dong He & Liang Liu, 2023. "Research on the Structural Optimization of the Clean Energy Industry in the Context of Dual Carbon Strategy—A Case Study of Sichuan Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    5. Anatolyy Dzyuba & Irina Solovyeva & Dmitry Konopelko, 2023. "Managing Electricity Costs in Industrial Mining and Cryptocurrency Data Centers," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(4), pages 76-90, July.
    6. Arfaoui, Nadia & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Boubaker, Sabri & Mirza, Nawazish & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Interdependence of clean energy and green markets with cryptocurrencies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    7. Rui Dias & Paulo Alexandre & Nuno Teixeira & Mariana Chambino, 2023. "Clean Energy Stocks: Resilient Safe Havens in the Volatility of Dirty Cryptocurrencies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-24, July.
    8. Chen, Yu & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "Quantifying the extreme spillovers on worldwide ESG leaders' equity," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    9. Pham, Linh & Karim, Sitara & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Long, Cheng, 2022. "A tale of two tails among carbon prices, green and non-green cryptocurrencies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    10. Zhao, Yuan & Liu, Nan & Li, Wanpeng, 2022. "Industry herding in crypto assets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    11. Le, Thanh Ha, 2023. "Quantile time-frequency connectedness between cryptocurrency volatility and renewable energy volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine-Russia conflicts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 613-625.
    12. Walid Mensi & Mariya Gubareva & Hee-Un Ko & Xuan Vinh Vo & Sang Hoon Kang, 2023. "Tail spillover effects between cryptocurrencies and uncertainty in the gold, oil, and stock markets," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-27, December.
    13. Siddique, Md Abubakar & Nobanee, Haitham & Karim, Sitara & Naz, Farah, 2023. "Do green financial markets offset the risk of cryptocurrencies and carbon markets?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 822-833.
    14. Będowska-Sójka, Barbara & Kliber, Agata, 2022. "Can cryptocurrencies hedge oil price fluctuations? A pandemic perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    15. Imran Yousaf & Vasilios Plakandaras & Elie Bouri & Rangan Gupta, 2022. "Hedge and Safe Haven Properties of Gold, US Treasury, Bitcoin, and Dollar/CHF against the FAANA Companies and S&P 500," Working Papers 202227, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    16. Yousaf, Imran & Plakandaras, Vasilios & Bouri, Elie & Gupta, Rangan, 2023. "Hedge and safe-haven properties of FAANA against gold, US Treasury, bitcoin, and US Dollar/CHF during the pandemic period," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    17. Lei, Heng & Xue, Minggao & Liu, Huiling & Ye, Jing, 2023. "Precious metal as a safe haven for global ESG stocks: Portfolio implications for socially responsible investing," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    18. Ndubuisi, Gideon & Urom, Christian, 2023. "Dependence and risk spillovers among clean cryptocurrencies prices and media environmental attention," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    19. Ren, Boru & Lucey, Brian, 2022. "Do clean and dirty cryptocurrency markets herd differently?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    20. Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Wali Ullah, GM & Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Osei Bonsu, Christiana & Abdullah, Mohammad, 2023. "Blockchain market and eco-friendly financial assets: Dynamic price correlation, connectedness and spillovers with portfolio implications," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 218-243.
    21. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Gul, Raazia & Farid, Saqib & Karim, Sitara & Lucey, Brian M., 2023. "Assessing linkages between alternative energy markets and cryptocurrencies," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 513-529.
    22. Ciner, Cetin & Lucey, Brian & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "Determinants of cryptocurrency returns: A LASSO quantile regression approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    23. Agnese, Pablo & Rios, Francisco, 2023. "Spillover Effects of Energy Transition Metals in Chile," IZA Discussion Papers 15999, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cryptocurrencies; Clean energy; Safe haven; Spillovers; Connectedness; DCC-GARCH;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q4 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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