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A multi-level analysis of school racial composition and ecological correlates of academic success

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  • Hopson, Laura M.
  • Lee, Eunju
  • Tang, Ning

Abstract

Current policy and practice interventions have failed to address disparities in academic success by race/ethnicity or socio-economic status. In addition, as policy interventions to prevent racially segregated schools have stalled, progress toward reducing these achievement gaps has also slowed. This exploratory study employs multi-level modeling to examine how risk and protective factors in students' schools, homes, peer groups, and neighborhoods relate to behavior and academic performance. We examine whether these relationships depend on the racial composition of the school and, in particular, the concentration of African American students in schools. The findings indicate that protective school, home, peer group, and neighborhood environments characterized by social support and safety are associated with positive academic outcomes and behavior. Students attending more segregated schools in which the majority of students are African American report worse behavioral and academic outcomes than students in other schools, even when controlling for other important dimensions of the school environment, school climate, school safety, and poverty. In addition, school racial composition shapes how key protective factors relate to grades.

Suggested Citation

  • Hopson, Laura M. & Lee, Eunju & Tang, Ning, 2014. "A multi-level analysis of school racial composition and ecological correlates of academic success," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 126-134.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:44:y:2014:i:c:p:126-134
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.05.026
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Charles T. Clotfelter, 2001. "Are Whites Still Fleeing? Racial Patterns and Enrollment Shifts in Urban Public Schools, 1987-1996," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(2), pages 199-221.
    2. C. Kirabo Jackson, 2009. "Student Demographics, Teacher Sorting, and Teacher Quality: Evidence from the End of School Desegregation," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 27(2), pages 213-256, April.
    3. Sean Nicholson‐Crotty & Zachary Birchmeier & David Valentine, 2009. "Exploring the Impact of School Discipline on Racial Disproportion in the Juvenile Justice System," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 90(4), pages 1003-1018, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Berkowitz, Ruth, 2021. "School climate and the socioeconomic literacy achievement gap: Multilevel analysis of compensation, mediation, and moderation models," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).

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