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On the Relations among CO2 Emissions, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electricity Use, Urbanization, and Income Inequality for a Sample of 134 Countries

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  • Roberto J. Santill n-Salgado

    (Tecnol gico de Monterrey, EGADE Business School, M xico)

  • Humberto Valencia-Herrera

    (Tecnol gico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de M xico, M xico,)

  • Francisco Venegas-Mart nez

    (Instituto Polit cnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Econom a, M xico)

Abstract

This paper is aimed at examining the relations among CO2 emissions, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, energy consumption, electricity use, urbanization, and income inequality for a sample of 134 countries by using principal components analysis, Granger causality, vector error correction (VEC) models, and panel vector autoregression (PVAR) models. Data was obtained from the World Bank with annual observations from 1990 to 2014. The chosen countries are those with ten years or more of concurrent data of the variables under study. The main empirical findings suggest a Kuznets curve between CO2 emissions per capita and GDP per capita. In addition, CO2 emissions have a long-term relationship with economic growth, energy use, electricity use, urbanization, and inequality. Finally, in the short run, CO2 emissions depend on economic growth, urbanization, and income inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto J. Santill n-Salgado & Humberto Valencia-Herrera & Francisco Venegas-Mart nez, 2020. "On the Relations among CO2 Emissions, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electricity Use, Urbanization, and Income Inequality for a Sample of 134 Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 195-207.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-06-26
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    1. Torres-Brito, David Israel & Cruz-Aké, Salvador & Venegas-Martínez, Francisco, 2023. "Impacto de los contaminantes por gases de efecto invernadero en el crecimiento económico en 86 países (1990-2019): Sobre la curva inversa de Kuznets [Impact of the Effect of Greenhouse Gas Pollutan," MPRA Paper 119031, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Miguel Á. Tinoco-Zermeño, 2023. "Energy consumption, financial development, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in 23 developing economies," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 18(1), pages 1-24, Enero - M.
    3. Ricardo Jacob Mendoza-Rivera & Luis Enrique Garc a-P rez & Francisco Venegas-Mart nez, 2023. "Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Responsible Economic Growth with Environmental Stability in North America," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(4), pages 300-311, July.
    4. Alexander Mihailov, 2023. "Greening Prosperity Stripes across the Globe," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2023-17, Department of Economics, University of Reading.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2 Emissions; Energy; Economic Growth; Urbanization; Gini Index;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F64 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Environment
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • O44 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Environment and Growth

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