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Colour My World: Have Earnings Gaps for Canadian-Born Ethnic Minorities Changed Over Time?

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  • Krishna Pendakur
  • Ravi Pendakur

Abstract

Using the census main bases from 1971 through 1996, we estimate earnings equations for Canadian-born female and male workers to assess the size of white­Aboriginal and white­visible minority earnings differentials in Canada. These databases allow us to focus on the small populations of Canadian-born visible minority and Aboriginal workers in Canada and on eight large Canadian metropolitan areas. We also define quasi-cohorts to assess differences in age-earnings relationships, and examine differences across 26 subgroups within the white and visible minority categories. We find that differentials narrowed through the 1970s, were stable through the 1980s, and grew between 1991 and 1996.

Suggested Citation

  • Krishna Pendakur & Ravi Pendakur, 2002. "Colour My World: Have Earnings Gaps for Canadian-Born Ethnic Minorities Changed Over Time?," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 28(4), pages 489-511, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpp:issued:v:28:y:2002:i:4:p:489-511
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krishna Pendakur & Ravi Pendakur, 1998. "The Colour of Money: Earnings Differentials Among Ethnic Groups in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 31(3), pages 518-548, August.
    2. Morton Stelcner, 2000. "Earnings Differentials among Ethnic Groups in Canada: A Review of the Research," Review of Social Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(3), pages 295-317.
    3. William T. Dickens & Kevin Lang, 1992. "Labor Market Segmentation Theory: Reconsidering the Evidence," NBER Working Papers 4087, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Shapiro, Carl & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1984. "Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(3), pages 433-444, June.
    5. repec:cdl:ucsbec:16-98 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Jennifer Elrick, 2016. "Screening, Skills and Cultural Fit: Theorizing Immigrant Skill Utilization from an Organizational Perspective," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 801-817, August.
    2. Adam Saifer, 2021. "Philanthropic Nation Branding, Ideology, and Accumulation: Insights from the Canadian Context," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 173(3), pages 559-576, October.
    3. Mohsen Javdani, 2020. "Visible Minorities and Job Mobility: Evidence from a Workplace Panel Survey," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 18(4), pages 491-524, December.
    4. Sébastien Breau & Dieter F. Kogler & Kenyon C. Bolton, 2014. "On the Relationship between Innovation and Wage Inequality: New Evidence from Canadian Cities," Economic Geography, Clark University, vol. 90(4), pages 351-373, October.
    5. Warman, Casey, 2005. "Quartiers ethniques et croissance des gains des immigrants de sexe masculin de 1981 a 1996," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2005241f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    6. Frenette, Marc, 2005. "Is Post-secondary Access More Equitable in Canada or the United States?," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2005244e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
    7. Warman, Casey, 2005. "Ethnic Neighbourhoods and Male Immigrant Earnings Growth: 1981 Through 1996," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2005241e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
    8. Danielle Lamb, 2013. "Earnings Inequality Among Aboriginal Groups in Canada," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 224-240, June.
    9. Thiessen, Victor, 2009. "The Pursuit of Post-Secondary Education: A Comparison of First Nations, African, Asian and European Canadian Youth," CLSSRN working papers clsrn_admin-2009-28, Vancouver School of Economics, revised 22 Apr 2009.
    10. Jennifer Elrick & Naomi Lightman, 2016. "Sorting or Shaping? The Gendered Economic Outcomes of Immigration Policy in Canada," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(2), pages 352-384, June.
    11. Mikal Skuterud, 2010. "The visible minority earnings gap across generations of Canadians," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 43(3), pages 860-881, August.
    12. Javdani, Mohsen, 2019. "Visible Minorities and Job Mobility: Evidence from a Workplace Panel Survey," IZA Discussion Papers 12736, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Asadul Islam & Paul Raschky, 2015. "Genetic distance, immigrants’ identity, and labor market outcomes," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 28(3), pages 845-868, July.
    14. Ying Zhen, 2016. "English Proficiency and Earnings of Foreign-Born Immigrants in the USA from 1980 to 2000: The Effect of Minority-Language Enclaves," Forum for Social Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(4), pages 329-349, October.

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