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Technological innovations and preexisting markets: The interaction between Airbnb and New York's hotel and housing markets

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  • Juliana Lucena do Nascimento
  • Rogério Mazali

Abstract

This paper analyzes the interaction between Airbnb and two traditional markets in New York City, long‐term rentals and hotels, to investigate whether Airbnb is a substitute to either one. Using data from InsideAirbnb, the American Community Survey (ACS), Zillow Research, and the City Planning Primary Land Use Tax Lot Output (PLUTO), we estimate three different models: (i) a fixed effect panel data model relating the number of listings to the number of hotels and socioeconomic variables; (ii) hedonic price regressions relating long‐term rents to the number of Airbnb host listings and prices; and (iii) a simultaneous equation model of supply and demand for long‐term rentals where rental supply and demand are functions of Airbnb nightly rates. We find that: (i) the numbers of host listings and guest reviews are higher in neighborhoods with higher concentration of hotels; (ii) there is a positive relationship between long‐term rents and both the number of Airbnb listings and Airbnb rates; (iii) the supply‐and‐demand simultaneous equations model shows a negative relation between the supply of properties for rent and Airbnb nightly rates; and (iv) the supply‐and‐demand simultaneous equations model shows a positive relationship between the demand for rentals and Airbnb nightly rates. These results are consistent with Airbnb being a substitute to both hotels and long‐term housing rentals. Este artículo analiza la interacción entre Airbnb y dos mercados tradicionales de la ciudad de Nueva York, los alquileres de larga duración y los hoteles, para investigar si Airbnb es un sustituto de alguno de ellos. Se estimaron tres modelos diferentes a partir de datos de InsideAirbnb, la Encuesta de la Comunidad Estadounidense (ACS, por sus siglas en inglés), Zillow Research y el Plan de Ordenación Urbana PLUTO. (i) un modelo de datos de panel de efectos fijos que relaciona el número de anuncios con el número de hoteles y variables socioeconómicas; (ii) regresiones hedónicas de precios que relacionan los alquileres a largo plazo con el número de anuncios de anfitriones de Airbnb y los precios; y (iii) un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas de oferta y demanda de alquileres a largo plazo en el que la oferta y la demanda de alquileres son funciones de las tarifas nocturnas de Airbnb. Se encontró que: (i) el número de anuncios de anfitriones y de opiniones de huéspedes es mayor en los barrios con mayor concentración de hoteles; (ii) existe una relación positiva entre los alquileres a largo plazo y tanto el número de anuncios como las tarifas de Airbnb; (iii) el modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas de oferta y demanda muestra una relación negativa entre la oferta de propiedades en alquiler y las tarifas nocturnas de Airbnb; y (iv) el modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas de oferta y demanda muestra una relación positiva entre la demanda de alquileres y las tarifas nocturnas de Airbnb. Estos resultados están en consonancia con la idea de que Airbnb es un sustituto tanto de los hoteles como de los alquileres a largo plazo de viviendas. 本稿では、長期賃貸とホテルというニューヨークシティにおける2つの伝統的な市場とAirbnb(エアビーアンドビー)との相互作用を分析し、Airbnbがどちらかの代替になるかどうかを検討した。Inside Airbnb、American Community Survey(ACS)、Zillow Research、City Planning Primary Land Use Tax Lot Output(PLUTO)のデータを使用して、以下の3つの異なるモデルを推定した。1)ホテルの数と社会経済変数に物件数を関連付ける固定効果パネルデータモデル。2)長期賃貸料とAirbnbのホスト掲載数および価格に関するヘドニック価格の回帰モデル。3)賃貸の需要と供給がAirbnbの一泊の料金の関数である長期賃貸の需要と供給の同時方程式モデル。推定の結果、以下のことがわかった。1)ホテルが集中している地域ほど、ホストリストやゲストレビューの数が多い。2)長期賃貸料は、Airbnbのリスティング数およびAirbnbの料金の両方との間に正の関係がある。3)需要と供給の連立方程式モデルから賃貸物件の供給とAirbnbの一泊の料金との間に負の関連があることが示された。4)需要と供給の連立方程式モデルから賃貸物件の需要とAirbnbの一泊の料金の間に正の関連があることが示された。以上の結果は、Airbnbがホテルと長期賃貸の両方の代替であることを示すものである。

Suggested Citation

  • Juliana Lucena do Nascimento & Rogério Mazali, 2023. "Technological innovations and preexisting markets: The interaction between Airbnb and New York's hotel and housing markets," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 256-287, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:256-287
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12584
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