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Leveraging digital technologies to boost productivity in the informal sector in Sub‐Saharan Africa

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  • Pierre Nguimkeu
  • Cedric Okou

Abstract

In many developed countries, automation has stoked fears of job losses by less‐skilled workers. In Sub‐Saharan Africa, by contrast, the adoption of low‐skill‐biased digital technologies complementary to informal workers offers the potential of a poverty‐reducing trajectory by enabling productivity and creating more job opportunities. While informality is pervasive in Sub‐Saharan African economies, building pathways to full formalization in the region has had limited success to date. Instead of focusing on formalization as an imperative policy goal, more realistic short to medium term policies should leverage low‐skill‐biased digital technologies to upgrade the skills of workers and enhance the productivity of firms in the informal sector. Moreover, more productive informal firms will likely seek to formalize if they perceive a positive tradeoff with the gains of being formal, arising from a conducive business environment mixing proper regulations, opportunities, and incentives. This paper summarizes what we know on digital technologies in Sub‐Saharan Africa, and highlights their role as catalysts for productivity enhancement, job creation, entrepreneurship, access to credit, and financial inclusion in the informal sector. It also documents key challenges faced by governments in harnessing the benefits and risks of digitization for the informal sector and suggests a blueprint to help policymakers in Sub‐Saharan Africa address them. 自动化在许多发达国家中加剧了对低技能工人失业的担忧。相反,在撒哈拉以南非洲,与非正式工人互补的低技能偏向性(low‐skill‐biased)数字技术的采纳能为生产力创造适宜条件并提供更多工作机会,进而对减贫作贡献。尽管非正式性在撒哈拉以南非洲国家中很普遍,但在该地区建立完全正式化的道路一事却一直仅能取得有限的成就。更多实际的短中期政策应利用低技能偏向性数字技术来提升非正式部门中工人的技能和企业的生产率,而不是将正式化作为紧要政策目标。此外,更多高生产率的非正式企业将很有可能转入正式化,如果它们感知到成为正式企业的利大于弊,这种利益源于一个由正确规制、机遇和激励组成的良性商业环境。本文总结了撒哈拉以南非洲的数字技术,强调了数字技术在非正式部门生产率提升、创造就业、创业、信贷获取、财政包容中发挥的催化剂作用。本文还记录了政府在对非正式部门数字化的利益和风险加以利用时所面对的关键挑战,并提出相关建议以帮助撒哈拉以南非洲的决策者应对这些挑战。 En muchos países desarrollados, la automatización ha avivado el temor a la pérdida de puestos de trabajo por parte de trabajadores menos calificados. En África subsahariana, por el contrario, la adopción de tecnologías digitales de baja calificación, complementarias a los trabajadores informales, ofrece el potencial de una trayectoria de reducción de la pobreza al permitir la productividad y crear más oportunidades de empleo. Si bien la informalidad es omnipresente en las economías del África subsahariana, la construcción de caminos hacia la formalización total en la región ha tenido un éxito limitado hasta la fecha. En lugar de centrarse en la formalización como un objetivo político imperativo, las políticas más realistas a corto y mediano plazo deberían aprovechar las tecnologías digitales con un sesgo de baja calificación para mejorar las habilidades de los trabajadores y mejorar la productividad de las empresas en el sector informal. Además, las empresas informales más productivas probablemente buscarán formalizarse si perciben una compensación positiva con los beneficios de ser formales, que surgen de un entorno empresarial propicio que combine regulaciones, oportunidades e incentivos adecuados. Este documento resume lo que sabemos sobre las tecnologías digitales en África subsahariana y destaca su papel como catalizadores para la mejora de la productividad, la creación de empleo, el espíritu empresarial, el acceso al crédito y la inclusión financiera en el sector informal. También documenta los desafíos clave que enfrentan los gobiernos al aprovechar los beneficios y riesgos de la digitalización para el sector informal y sugiere un plan para ayudar a los responsables de la formulación de políticas en África subsahariana a abordarlos.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Nguimkeu & Cedric Okou, 2021. "Leveraging digital technologies to boost productivity in the informal sector in Sub‐Saharan Africa," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(6), pages 707-731, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:38:y:2021:i:6:p:707-731
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12441
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