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Crop Insurance in the EU: Lessons and Caution from the US

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  • Fabio G. Santeramo
  • A. Ford Ramsey

Abstract

Recent changes in the Common Agricultural Policy suggest the possibility of an enlarged crop insurance programme in Europe (Art. 37–39 of EU Reg. 1305/2013). Several countries in the European Union already have national crop insurance schemes, but the performance of these programmes in terms of realised demand has been low, and at EU level the participation in crop insurance programmes is around 20 per cent. This situation can be contrasted with the federal crop insurance programme in the US which covers the majority of all agricultural land. We review the existing programmes in the EU and US to provide direction on two questions: is there any justification for subsidised crop insurance and how could such a scheme possibly be implemented in the EU? We argue that, while in the long run it may be desirable to establish an EU†wide crop insurance programme, there are several serious impediments to implementation in terms of effectiveness and feasibility. A more immediate approach could be increased flexibility of national insurance systems. In particular, weather†based index insurance and revenue insurance present possible solutions that may be worthy of consideration at the national level.Les récentes modifications de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC) laissent entrevoir l’éventualité d'un plus vaste programme d'assurance†récolte au niveau européen (article 37–39 de la réglementation 1305/2013). Plusieurs pays de l'Union européenne ont déjà des programmes d'assurance†récolte nationaux mais leur performance en termes de demande effective est faible, et au niveau européen la participation à ces programmes est d'environ 20 pour cent. En comparaison, le programme fédéral d'assurance†récolte des États†Unis couvre la majorité des superficies agricoles. Nous examinons les programmes en place dans l'Union européenne et aux États†Unis pour offrir des pistes concernant deux questions: un système d'assurance†récolte subventionné est†il justifié et comment un tel système pourrait†il être mis en place dans l'Union européenne ? Nous avançons que si la mise en place d'un programme d'assurance†récolte d'ampleur européenne pourrait s'avérer intéressante à long terme, elle comporte plusieurs obstacles sérieux en termes d'efficacité et de faisabilité. Une approche plus immédiate pourrait consister à accroître la flexibilité des systèmes d'assurance nationaux. Les assurances fondées sur un index météorologique et les assurances du chiffre d'affaire sont des solutions possibles qui mériteraient considération au niveau national.Die jüngsten Veränderungen in der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik eröffnen die Möglichkeit eines erweiterten Ernteversicherungsprogramms in Europa (Art. 37–39 der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1305/2013). In mehreren Ländern der EU gibt es bereits nationale Programme zur Versicherung von Ernteausfällen, allerdings ist die Nachfrage nach diesen Versicherungen vergleichsweise gering, mit einer Teilnahme von etwa 20 % auf der EU†Ebene. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu den Ernteversicherungsprogrammen in den USA, die dort den größten Teil der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche abdecken. Im vorliegenden Beitrag betrachten wir die existierenden Programme in der EU und den USA mit Blick auf zwei Fragestellungen: Welche Rechtfertigung gibt es für eine staatlich geförderte Ernteversicherung? Und wie könnte ein derartiges System in der EU implementiert werden? Wir sind der Meinung, dass die Einführung eines EU†weiten Ernteversicherungsprogramms langfristig wünschenswert sein könnte. Allerdings existieren mehrere schwerwiegende Hindernisse im Hinblick auf die Wirksamkeit und Durchführbarkeit. Ein direkteres Verfahren könnte eine größere Flexibilität der nationalen Versicherungssysteme sein. Insbesondere wetterbasierte Indexversicherungen und Erlösversicherungen stellen mögliche Lösungen dar, die auf nationaler Ebene in Betracht kommen könnten.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabio G. Santeramo & A. Ford Ramsey, 2017. "Crop Insurance in the EU: Lessons and Caution from the US," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 16(3), pages 34-39, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:16:y:2017:i:3:p:34-39
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12154
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. F. G. Santeramo & B. K. Goodwin & F. Adinolfi & F. Capitanio, 2016. "Farmer Participation, Entry and Exit Decisions in the Italian Crop Insurance Programme," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(3), pages 639-657, September.
    2. Alberto Garrido & David Zilberman, 2008. "Revisiting the demand for agricultural insurance: the case of Spain," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 68(1), pages 43-66, May.
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    5. Glauber, Joseph W., 2015. "Agricultural insurance and the World Trade Organization:," IFPRI discussion papers 1473, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    6. Petri Liesivaara & Sami Myyrä, 2015. "Feasibility of an Area-Yield Insurance Scheme in the EU: Evidence from Finland," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 14(3), pages 28-33, December.
    7. Hung-Hao Chang & David Zilberman, 2014. "On the political economy of allocation of agricultural disaster relief payments: application to Taiwan," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 41(4), pages 657-680.
    8. Barry K. Goodwin & Vincent H. Smith, 2013. "What Harm Is Done By Subsidizing Crop Insurance?," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 95(2), pages 489-497.
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    1. Jean Cordier & Fabio Santeramo, 2020. "Mutual Funds and the Income Stabilisation Tool in the EU: Retrospect and Prospects," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(1), pages 53-58, April.
    2. Fabio Gaetano Santeramo, 2018. "Imperfect information and participation in insurance markets: evidence from Italy," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 78(2), pages 183-194, February.
    3. Fabio G., Santeramo & Ilaria, Russo & Emilia, Lamonaca, 2022. "Italian subsidised crop insurance: what the role of policy changes," MPRA Paper 115299, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Jean Cordier, 2017. "Critical issues for the implementation of a mutual fund compensating for production loss under Article 38 of Reg. (EU) No. 1305/2013," Post-Print hal-02786417, HAL.
    5. Tappi, Marco & Nardone, Gianluca & Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano, 2022. "On the relationships among durum wheat yields and weather conditions: evidence from Apulia region, Southern Italy," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 11(2), July.
    6. Ruggiero Rippo & Simone Cerroni, 2023. "Farmers' participation in the Income Stabilisation Tool: Evidence from the apple sector in Italy," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(1), pages 273-294, February.
    7. Jørgensen, Sisse Liv & Termansen, Mette & Pascual, Unai, 2020. "Natural insurance as condition for market insurance: Climate change adaptation in agriculture," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    8. Vilenchuk, Oleksandr, 2018. "Трирівневий Аналіз Функціонування Ринку Аграрного Страхування В Україні," Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, vol. 4(2), June.
    9. Möhring, Niklas & Dalhaus, Tobias & Enjolras, Geoffroy & Finger, Robert, 2020. "Crop insurance and pesticide use in European agriculture," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    10. Tappi, Marco & Carucci, Federica & Gatta, Giuseppe & Giuliani, Marcella Michela & Lamonaca, Emilia & Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano, 2023. "Temporal and design approaches and yield-weather relationships," MPRA Paper 117488, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Fabio G Santeramo, 2019. "I Learn, You Learn, We Gain Experience in Crop Insurance Markets," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(2), pages 284-304, June.
    12. Marco Rogna & Günter Schamel & Alex Weissensteiner, 2023. "Modelling the switch from hail insurance to antihail nets," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 67(1), pages 118-136, January.
    13. Alessandro Banterle & Daniela Vandone, 2019. "Price volatility and risk management: The case of rice in the EU," Economia agro-alimentare, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 21(2), pages 255-274.

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