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Economics of household food waste

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  • Jayson L. Lusk
  • Brenna Ellison

Abstract

Food waste has drawn increasing public attention, and the high levels of estimated waste are largely considered to be a failure of our current food system. Recently, economists have begun to weigh in, showing food waste can emerge as the result of a complex equilibrium affected by consumers’ preferences for convenience; expectations about future food prices and availability; food safety concerns; producers’ costs of holding inventory, transportation, and storage; government regulation; and technology. If food waste is a form of inefficiency, there are either strong economic motivations to reduce waste, or unmeasured costs or preferences affecting waste decisions. If consumers have behavioral biases, suffer from information asymmetries, or do not pay the full cost of their waste, there may be a role for government intervention to reduce waste, but most empirical models in the literature have not articulated or quantified the extent of the deadweight loss from the market failures in relation to food waste. In some cases, waste reduction efforts could harm producers if overall demand for food is reduced or harm consumers if overconsumption is encouraged, quality or safety degrades, or supply disruptions occur. Technological innovations, which lower the cost of storage or extend shelf life have the potential to improve both consumer and producer welfare. Le gaspillage alimentaire a attiré de plus en plus l'attention du public et les niveaux élevés les déchets sont largement considérés comme un échec de notre système alimentaire actuel. Récemment, des économistes ont commencé à s'intéresser au sujet, montrant que le gaspillage alimentaire peut émerger du fait d'un équilibre complexe affecté par les préférences des consommateurs en matière de commodité; les attentes concernant les prix futurs des denrées alimentaires et leur disponibilité; les problèmes de sécurité alimentaire; le coût des stocks pour les producteurs, le transport et l'entreposage; la réglementation gouvernementale; et la technologie. Si le gaspillage alimentaire est une forme d'inefficacité, il y a soit de fortes motivations économiques pour réduire les déchets, soit des coûts ou des préférences non mesurés affectant les décisions relatives aux déchets. Si les consommateurs ont des préjugés comportementaux, souffrent d'informations asymétriques, ou ne paient pas le coût total de leurs déchets, il peut y avoir un rôle pour l'intervention gouvernementale afin de réduire les déchets, mais la plupart des modèles empiriques dans la littérature n'ont pas articulé ou quantifié l'ampleur de la perte économique due aux défaillances du marché en ce qui concerne le gaspillage alimentaire. Dans certains cas, les efforts de réduction des pertes pourraient nuire aux producteurs si la demande globale de denrées alimentaires est réduite ou nuire aux consommateurs si la surconsommation est encouragée, la qualité ou la sécurité se dégrade, ou encore si l'approvisionnement est perturbé. Des innovations technologiques qui réduisent le coût de stockage ou prolongent la durée de conservation ont le potentiel d'améliorer le bien‐être des consommateurs et des producteurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Jayson L. Lusk & Brenna Ellison, 2020. "Economics of household food waste," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 68(4), pages 379-386, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:68:y:2020:i:4:p:379-386
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12256
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Aino Friman & Nina Hyytiä, 2022. "The Economic and Welfare Effects of Food Waste Reduction on a Food-Production-Driven Rural Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Sarah Rohr & Stuart Mounter & Derek Baker, 2024. "Implications for Economic Sustainability of Food Systems from Reductions in Household Food Waste: The Case of the Australian Apple Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Cariappa, AG Adeeth & Acharya, Kamlesh Kumar & Adhav, Chaitanya Ashok & Sendhil, R. & Ramasundaram, P., 2022. "COVID-19 induced lockdown effects on agricultural commodity prices and consumer behaviour in India – Implications for food loss and waste management," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PA).
    4. Sophie Gudmann Knutsson & Therese Asplund & Gunnar Höst & Konrad J. Schönborn, 2021. "Public Perceptions of Waste Management in Sri Lanka: A Focus Group Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, November.

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