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Environmental Externalities, Comparative Advantage, and the Location of Production: An Application to the Canadian Dairy Industry

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  • Predrag Rajsic
  • Glenn Fox

Abstract

type="main" xml:lang="fr"> La théorie classique des avantages comparatifs n'a pas été bien intégrée aux théories portant sur les externalités environnementales et la localisation de la production. Dans le présent article, nous avons élaboré un cadre conceptuel qui intègre cette théorie à l’échelle de l'entreprise et à l’échelle régionale: soit le modèle d’équilibre général avec hétérogénéité spatiale individuelle et externalités environnementales. Nous avons utilisé ce modèle pour étudier l'effet de l'hétérogénéité spatiale de l'intensité d’émission sur la répartition spatiale de la production en présence d'une norme d’émission uniforme. Ce modèle permet de penser que l'imposition d'une norme limitant les émissions peut avoir des effets différentiels sur la structure spatiale de la production, selon l'intensité de la production locale. Nous présentons également une analyse empirique du déplacement de la production laitière à l'intérieur des provinces à l'aide de données tirées des recensements de 1996 et 2006. Toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, les endroits où la production laitière était très élevée en 1996 ont également subi un déclin de leur cheptel laitier entre 1996 et 2006, ce qui concorde avec le modèle d’équilibre général avec hétérogénéité spatiale individuelle et externalités environnementales. Les résultats de notre étude autorisent à penser que la pression sur l'environnement peut modifier la structure des avantages comparatifs d'un secteur soumis à la gestion de l'offre, même si le déplacement de la production d'une province à l'autre est interdit. Les avantages comparatifs environnementaux semblent s'observer à l'intérieur des provinces.

Suggested Citation

  • Predrag Rajsic & Glenn Fox, 2016. "Environmental Externalities, Comparative Advantage, and the Location of Production: An Application to the Canadian Dairy Industry," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 64(2), pages 311-337, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:64:y:2016:i:2:p:311-337
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marton, S.M.R.R. & Zimmermann, A. & Kreuzer, M. & Gaillard, G., 2016. "Environmental and socioeconomic benefits of a division of labour between lowland and mountain farms in milk production systems," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1-10.

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