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Empirische Analysen zur Produktivitätsentwicklung im ökologischen und konventionellen Landbau

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  • Tiedemann, Torben
  • Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe

Abstract

In diesem Artikel wird der Produktivitätsfortschritt in ökologisch wirtschaftenden Betrieben im Zeitraum 1999/2000 bis 2006/07 quantifiziert und der Produktivitätsentwicklung vergleichbarer konventioneller Betriebe gegenübergestellt. Die Messung des Produktionsfortschritts erfolgt anhand des Malmquist-Produktivitätsindex auf Basis einer stochastischen Frontier- Analyse. Die Datengrundlage bildet ein balanciertes Panel betriebswirtschaftlicher Jahresabschlüsse von je 151 ökologischen und konventionellen Landwirtschaftsbetrieben. Die konventionellen Vergleichsbetriebe wurden durch ein Matchingverfahren ermittelt. Es zeigt sich, dass das Produktivitätsniveau der ökologischen Futterbau- und Verbundbetriebe im Mittel niedriger ist als im konventionellen Landbau, die ökologischen Betriebe aber mit dem Produktivitätsfortschritt vergleichbarer konventioneller Betriebe mithalten können. Die ökologisch wirtschaftenden Ackerbaubetriebe weisen zum Beginn des Analysezeitraums einen Produktivitätsvorsprung vor den entsprechenden Vergleichsbetrieben auf, den sie über den achtjährigen Beobachtungszeitraum jedoch nicht aufrechterhalten können. Die Anwendung des Malmquist- Index verdeutlicht, dass diese Entwicklung nicht auf mangelnden technischen Fortschritt zurückzuführen ist. Vielmehr sind Probleme im Bereich der technischen Effizienz und in der Ausnutzung von Skaleneffekten zu erkennen. This article sets out to investigate the development of total factor productivity in organic and conventional agriculture in the period from 1999/2000 to 2006/07. Productivity development is assessed with the use of Malmquist Indices based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The analysis is based on a balanced panel of farm records of 151 organic and conventional farms, respectively. A matching procedure is applied to identify for each organic farm a conventional counterpart with similar structural features. The study reveals a similar development of productivity in organic grazing livestock and mixed farms, but the productivity level is still lower compared to their conventional counterparts. Only organic arable farms had started off with a higher level of productivity in 1999/2000 but they were not able to maintain their advantage over their conventional counterparts. The Malmquist analysis highlights that these changes cannot be attributed to low rates of technical progress. Lack of technical and scale efficiency are rather to be seen as the key drivers of the slowed productivity development in organic agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiedemann, Torben & Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe, 2011. "Empirische Analysen zur Produktivitätsentwicklung im ökologischen und konventionellen Landbau," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 60(02), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:gjagec:169836
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.169836
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Mamardashvili, Phatima & Bokusheva, Raushan & Schmid, Dierk, 2014. "Heterogeneous Farm Output and Technical Efficiency Estimates," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 63(01), pages 1-15, March.

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