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Bang for the buck: Wie effizient sind die Subventionen im Bundeshaushalt?

Author

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  • Schuster-Johnson, Florian
  • Sigl-Glöckner, Philippa

Abstract

Der fiskalische Spielraum im Bundeshaushalt schwindet. Dennoch steigen die Subventionen. Aktuell fließen rund zehn Prozent des Haushalts oder 60 Milliarden Euro in Finanzhilfen an Unternehmen. Sie werden zumeist mit der Sicherung von Arbeitsplätzen begründet. In Zeiten knapper Kassen sollten sie einer systematischen Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse unterzogen werden. Obwohl die Bundeshaushaltsordnung bereits Wirtschaftlichkeitsuntersuchungen vorschreibt, scheitern diese am Fehlen eines hinreichend einfachen, ökonomisch fundierten Indikators. Einen solchen Indikator schlagen wir in diesem Papier vor: die Fiskalische Kosten-Arbeitsplatz-Relation (FisKAR). Sie setzt die fiskalischen Kosten von Finanzhilfen ins Verhältnis zu ihren erwartbaren Beschäftigungseffekten - dem impliziten Ziel der meisten Finanzhilfen. Angewendet auf den Bundeshaushalt 2026 zeigen wir, dass vor allem Steuerprivilegien zugunsten der Automobilhersteller und Strompreissubventionen für die energieintensive Industrie teuer ausfallen. Investitionszuschüsse für die Dekarbonisierung der Industrie und zur Förderung von Innovationen haben dagegen gemessen an Arbeitsplatzeffekten geringe Kosten. Wir folgern: Der Bundeshaushalt sollte einer grundlegenden Review unterzogen werden. - Finanzhilfen im Bundeshaushalt konsequent auf Wachstum und unsubventionierte Arbeitsplätze ausrichten. - Subventionen weniger am Erhalt des Status quo orientieren, sondern an Ziele knüpfen, etwa das Ausrollen der Elektromobilität, eine treffsichere Förderung der Gebäudesanierung oder die Schaffung von Sockelkapazitäten in der Grundstoffindustrie. - Innovationsförderprogramme zusammenlegen und auf erfolgreichen Transfer in neue Geschäftsmodelle trimmen, bei der Dekarbonisierung nicht nachlassen.

Suggested Citation

  • Schuster-Johnson, Florian & Sigl-Glöckner, Philippa, 2026. "Bang for the buck: Wie effizient sind die Subventionen im Bundeshaushalt?," Papers 336268, Dezernat Zukunft - Institute for Macrofinance, Berlin.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:dzimps:336268
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