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Price discrimination and EU dairy policy : an economic evaluation of policy options

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  • Bouamra-Mechemache, Z.
  • Chavas, J.P.
  • Cox, T.
  • Réquillart, V.

Abstract

In a period of market liberalization and multilateral trade negotiations, price discrimination for commodities with distinct markets provides additional policy options to support farm income. While both the USA and Canada have implemented price discrimination policies in their domestic dairy sector, so far the European Union (EU) has not. This paper evaluates the options of developing a price discrimination policy in the EU dairy sector. The analysis is based on an interregional model of the EU dairy sector, involving milk production, dairy processing, and consumption of ten dairy commodities in nine regions. The paper shows that a price discriminat policy that increases prices for commodities with more inelastic demand (fluid milk, soft dairy products) would generate income that can be redistributed to dairy farmers. It shows that the presence (or absence) of pooling has a large effect on the regional distribution of the income generated. The results suggest that, while such a price discrimination poli can be a WTO-compatible way to support dairy farm income, the efficiency of the associated income transfers declines in the presence of significant supply response. ...French Abstract : Dans un contexte de libéralisation et de négociations multilatérales des échanges, une politique de discrimination en prix fournit des options de politique additionnelles pour soutenir le revenu des producteurs. Alors que les Etats-Unis et le Canada ont mis en place des politiques de discriminati en prix dans le secteur des produits laitiers, l'Union Européenne (UE) n'a jamais mis en place une telle politique jusqu'à présent. Cet article évalue les options de développement d'une politique de discrimination dans le secteur des produits laitiers dans l'UE. L'analyse est fondée sur un modèle inter-régional du secteur laitier de l'UE qui inclut la production de lait, la transformation de lait en produits finaux et la consommation de dix produits finaux dans neuf régions. L'article montre qu'une politiqu de discrimination en prix qui augmente les prix pour les biens dont la dema est la plus inélastique (lait liquide, produits laitiers frais) engendrerai un revenu qui pourrait être redistribué aux producteurs laitiers. On montre que la présence (ou l'absence) de pooling a un impact important sur la distribution régionale du revenu engendré. Les résultats suggèrent qu'une politique de discrimination en prix peut être un moyen compatible avec l'OM pour soutenir le revenu de producteurs laitiers, l'efficacité des transfert de revenus associés diminue en présence d'une réponse significative de l'of

Suggested Citation

  • Bouamra-Mechemache, Z. & Chavas, J.P. & Cox, T. & Réquillart, V., 2001. "Price discrimination and EU dairy policy : an economic evaluation of policy options," Economics Working Paper Archive (Toulouse) 23, French Institute for Agronomy Research (INRA), Economics Laboratory in Toulouse (ESR Toulouse).
    • Handle: RePEc:rea:inrawp:23
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    1. Zohra Bouamra‐Mechemache & Jean‐Paul Chavas & Tom Cox & Vincent Réquillart, 2002. "EU Dairy Policy Reform and Future WTO Negotiations: a Spatial Equilibrium Analysis," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 233-257, July.
    2. Zohra Bouamra-Mechemache & Jean-Paul Chavas & Thomas L. Cox & Vincent Réquillart, 2002. "Partial Market Liberalization and the Efficiency of Policy Reform: The Case of the European Dairy Sector," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 84(4), pages 1003-1020.
    3. Catherine Benjamin & Alexandre Gohin & Hervé Guyomard, 1999. "The Future of European Union Dairy Policy," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 47(5), pages 91-101, December.
    4. Catherine Benjamin & Alexandre Gohin & Hervé Guyomard, 1999. "The future of European Union dairy policy," Post-Print hal-01931505, HAL.
    5. L. J. Hubbard, 1992. "Two‐Tier Pricing For Milk: A Re‐Examination," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 343-354, September.
    6. Jean‐Paul Chavas & Thomas L. Cox & Edward Jesse, 1998. "Spatial allocation and the shadow pricing of product characteristics," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Snow, Arthur & Warren, Ronald Jr., 1996. "The marginal welfare cost of public funds: Theory and estimates," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(2), pages 289-305, August.
    8. Thomas L. Cox & Jean-Paul Chavas, 2001. "An Interregional Analysis of Price Discrimination and Domestic Policy Reform in the U.S. Dairy Sector," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 83(1), pages 89-106.
    9. Oskam, Arie, 1989. "Principles of the EC Dairy Model," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 16(4), pages 463-497.
    10. Burrell, Alison, 1985. "Price Uncertainty under EC Milk Quotas," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 12(4), pages 335-350.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kuga, Nobunori & Vavra, Pavel & Anton, Jesus & Dewbre, Joe, 2003. "Trade And Welfare Effects Of Dairy Price Support Measures," 2003 Annual meeting, July 27-30, Montreal, Canada 21951, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    2. Vavra, Pavel & Kuga, Nobunori & Anton, Jesus & Dewbre, Joe, 2003. "Trade Effects of Dairy Pricing Arrangements," 2003 Annual Meeting, August 16-22, 2003, Durban, South Africa 25862, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Vargas Andrés José, 2001. "Strategic Interaction of International Markets: An Application to the Dairy Market," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, September.
    4. Nobunori Kuga & Nobuhiro Suzuki & Harry M. Kaiser, 2010. "Trade implications of price discrimination in a domestic market," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 64-82.

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    Keywords

    EU; PRICE DISCRIMINATION; POOLING; DAIRY POLICY ; POLITIQUE AGRICOLE; INDUSTRIE LAITIERE; PRODUIT LAITIER; LAIT; UNION EUROPEENNE; QUOTA LAITIER; SOUTIEN DES PRIX; ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE ; EUROPE;
    All these keywords.

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