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An elementary mathematical model for MMT (Modern Monetary Theory)

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  • Tanaka, Yasuhito

Abstract

In recent years, a school of economics called MMT (Modern Monetary Theory) has been attracting attention, but it has not been analyzed theoretically or mathematically. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the skeleton of the MMT argument, while maintaining the basics of the neoclassical microeconomic framework, such as utility maximization of consumers by means of utility functions and budget constraint, profit maximization of firms in monopolistic competition, and equilibrium of supply and demand of goods. Using a simple static model that includes economic growth due to technological progress, we will argue that: 1) a continuous budget deficit is necessary to maintain full employment when the economy is growing, and that this deficit does not have to be covered by future surpluses; 2) Inflation is caused when the actual budget deficit exceeds the level necessary and sufficient to maintain full employment. In order to avoid further inflation, it is necessary to maintain a certain level of budget deficit; 3) A shortfall in the budget deficit leads to recession and involuntary unemployment. To recover from this, a budget deficit that exceeds the level necessary to maintain full employment is required. However, since a continuous budget deficit is necessary after full employment is restored, the deficit created to overcome the recession does not need to be covered by future budget surpluses, nor should it be.

Suggested Citation

  • Tanaka, Yasuhito, 2021. "An elementary mathematical model for MMT (Modern Monetary Theory)," MPRA Paper 109005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:109005
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Masayuki Otaki, 2015. "Price Theory in a Monetary Economy," Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, in: Keynesian Economics and Price Theory, edition 127, chapter 2, pages 15-41, Springer.
    2. L. Randall Wray, 2015. "Modern Money Theory," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, edition 2, number 978-1-137-53992-2.
    3. Masayuki Otaki, 2015. "Keynesian Economics and Price Theory," Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, Springer, edition 127, number 978-4-431-55345-8.
    4. Otaki, Masayuki, 2007. "The dynamically extended Keynesian cross and the welfare-improving fiscal policy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 23-29, July.
    5. Yasuhito Tanaka, 2020. "Involuntary unemployment with indivisible labor supply under perfect competition," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(3), pages 1914-1923.
    6. Otaki, Masayuki, 2009. "A welfare economics foundation for the full-employment policy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 102(1), pages 1-3, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yasuhito Tanaka, 2022. "Debt to GDP Ratio from the Perspective of MMT with a Simple Microeconomic Foundation," Journal of Social Science Studies, Macrothink Institute, vol. 9(2), pages 1-1, December.
    2. Tanaka Yasuhito, 2023. "AD-AS Analysis from the Perspective of Functional Finance Theory and MMT," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, vol. 23(1), pages 263-283, June.
    3. Yasuhito Tanaka, 2022. "Debt to GDP Ratio and inflation from the perspective of Functional Finance Theory and MMT," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 12(2), pages 84-98, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    MMT; Economic growth; Budget deficit; Inflation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity

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