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Debt to GDP Ratio from the Perspective of MMT

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  • Yasuhito Tanaka

Abstract

In this note we examine the debt to GDP ratio from the perspective of MMT (Modern Monetary Theory) by a simple macroeconomic model with savings by government bonds instead of money. Mainly we will show the following results. 1) In order to maintain full employment under economic growth, the budget deficit, including interest payments on government bonds, must be positive; and if the budget deficit is smaller than this value, there will be recession with involuntary unemployment. 2) Under full employment the debt to GDP ratio approaches to a finite value over time. 3) In the underemployment case the national income is determined by the budget deficit. 4) The excessive budget deficit causes inflation. 6) In order to recover full employment from recession we need budget deficit larger than that when full employment is maintained. 5) The budget deficit, including interest payments on government bonds, equals the increase of the savings of consumers between periods (generations); and this result holds whether we have full employment or not, whether we have inflation or not. Then, the ratio of the national debt to GDP in a period is smaller than one, and even if one period constitutes of several years, the debt to GDP ratio in a year is finite.

Suggested Citation

  • Yasuhito Tanaka, 2022. "Debt to GDP Ratio from the Perspective of MMT," Business Management and Strategy, Macrothink Institute, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:mth:bmsmti:v:13:y:2022:i:1:p:1-12
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Masayuki Otaki, 2015. "Price Theory in a Monetary Economy," Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, in: Keynesian Economics and Price Theory, edition 127, chapter 2, pages 15-41, Springer.
    2. Masayuki Otaki, 2015. "Keynesian Economics and Price Theory," Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, Springer, edition 127, number 978-4-431-55345-8.
    3. Otaki, Masayuki, 2007. "The dynamically extended Keynesian cross and the welfare-improving fiscal policy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 23-29, July.
    4. Otaki, Masayuki, 2009. "A welfare economics foundation for the full-employment policy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 102(1), pages 1-3, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tanaka Yasuhito, 2022. "Necessity of Budget Deficit Under Economic Growth in Monopolistic Competition," Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 36(1), pages 1-16, January.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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