Asset Dynamics and Dissipative Structures in Open Economies: Economics as a Prescription for the "Thermal Death" of Equilibrium

This paper deepens the "Equilibrium Theory Endogenizing Imbalances" based on asset dynamics, as presented in the previous study (Kitamura, 2025), by incorporating concepts from thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. While the previous work proposed a model where imbalances are perpetuated through asset preference and capital diffusion, this study extends the framework into a model where "effective asset potential"—defined as the asset level divided by the rate of return on assets—acts as the driving force behind capital flows. It demonstrates a mechanism in which the capital efficiency of each nation significantly determines its economic trajectory. Through observations using multilateral data, this paper reveals that individual economies exist under a tension between "subjective equilibrium," aimed at utility maximization, and the "pressure of entropy increase" inherent in asset dynamics. Consequently, the global economy has polarized into "self-organizing economies" that concentrate and accumulate capital, and "diffusive economies" that primarily disperse and dissipate capital. This paper presents a novel perspective that views the global economy as a "dissipative structure" maintained through the interdependence of these distinct phases. Based on this analysis, the paper argues that for an economic system to remain sustainable, it is essential to involve maintaining the gradient of asset potential within the system by promoting innovation and eliminating "stagnation" through redistribution policies. Ultimately, this paper proposes that what economics terms "equilibrium" is equivalent to "thermal death" in physics; therefore, the goal of economics should be the avoidance rather than the realization of such a state, making the perspective of "entropy management" indispensable.