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Multiple Social Credit Systems in China

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  • Liu, Chuncheng

Abstract

Published on Economic Sociology: The European Electronic Newsletter, 2019, 21 (1): 22–32. In 2014, the Chinese government proposed to build a social credit system (SCS) to better collect and evaluate citizens’ creditworthiness and grant rewards and punishments based on one’s social credit. Since then, various SCS pilots have been enacted. While current media and scholars often perceive SCS as a single and unified system, this paper argues that there are in fact multiple SCSs in China. I identify four main types of SCS and articulate the relationships among them. Each SCS has different assumptions, operationalizations, and implementations. China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China, and the macroeconomic management agency, the National Development and Reform Commission, are the two most important actors in the design and implementation of the multiple SCSs. Yet their distinctive views about what “credit” is and what an SCS should be produced great tensions on the SCS landscape. I also historicize current SCSs and show that many elements and assumptions of SCSs can be traced back to a broader political history of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Finally, I propose an alternative theoretical framework to understand Chinese SCSs as a symbolic system with performative power that is more than a simple repressive and direct political project.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Chuncheng, 2019. "Multiple Social Credit Systems in China," SocArXiv v9frs, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:v9frs
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/v9frs
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Donald Mackenzie & Fabian Muniesa & Lucia Siu, 2007. "Do Economists Make Markets? On the Performativity of Economics," Post-Print halshs-00149145, HAL.
    2. Liu, Chuncheng, 2019. "Multiple social credit systems in China," economic sociology. perspectives and conversations, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, vol. 21(1), pages 22-32.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stahl, B.C. & Andreou, A. & Brey, P. & Hatzakis, T. & Kirichenko, A. & Macnish, K. & Laulhé Shaelou, S. & Patel, A. & Ryan, M. & Wright, D., 2021. "Artificial intelligence for human flourishing – Beyond principles for machine learning," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 374-388.
    2. Sheng Zou, 2021. "Disenchanting Trust: Instrumental Reason, Algorithmic Governance, and China’s Emerging Social Credit System," Media and Communication, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(2), pages 140-149.
    3. Daniele Archibugi & Natalia Tosoni, 2023. "Is users rating becoming overpowering? The risks of inappropriate use of digital feedback," Working Papers 67, Birkbeck Centre for Innovation Management Research, revised 12 Aug 2023.
    4. Abbas Ali Chandio & Fayyaz Ahmad & Ghulam Raza Sargani & Asad Amin & Martinson Ankrah Twumasi, 2022. "Analyzing the effective role of formal credit and technological development for rice cultivation," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 683-711, June.
    5. Liu, Chuncheng, 2019. "Multiple social credit systems in China," economic sociology. perspectives and conversations, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, vol. 21(1), pages 22-32.

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