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A Review of Public Policies relating to the Use of Environmental Labelling and Information Schemes (ELIS)

Author

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  • Mikaël Klintman

    (Lund University)

Abstract

This report provides a brief review of how national government policies and guidelines apply to or regulate the use of environmental labelling and information schemes (ELIS) in selected OECD countries. The report reviews definitions relevant to environmental claims and identifies four types of potentially false or misleading environmental claims. The report also reviews countries’ different approaches to guidance and regulations relating to such claims, as well as approaches to monitoring and enforcement of compliance with rules and guidance. Examples of court action relating to the use of consumer protection laws for environmental claims in several countries are described. Based on the reports available, it is not possible to assess to what extent the enforcement processes have been effective in improving the overall quality of environmental claims. The report also notes the extensive similarities in how different national guidelines categorise misleading environmental claims, perhaps beacuase many of the guidelines are derived in part from the International Organization for Standardization’s (ISO) 14020 series of internationally-agreed standards. Moreover the report acknowledges that several attempts have been made towards harmonisation across countries concerning environmental criteria, mainly concerning eco-labelling schemes and organic agriculture standards. There appear to be strong incentives for this type of cross-country certification, including reduced administrative costs and a potential for increased trade of environmentally-certified goods. This makes further harmonisation of criteria for self-reported environmental claims a real possibility. The ongoing pursuit of harmonisation regionally, or bilaterally, might be a first step forward in such a process. Le présent rapport décrit brièvement la façon dont les politiques publiques et les directives nationales encadrent et réglementent l’utilisation des dispositifs d'éco-étiquetage et d'information environnementale (DEIE) dans certains pays de l’OCDE. Le rapport s’intéresse pour commencer à la façon dont les directives et réglementations abordent la terminologie des allégations environnementales. Il distingue quatre grands types d’allégations environnementales potentiellement inexactes ou trompeuses, et examine les directives et réglementations mises en place par les différents pays dans ce contexte. Le rapport decrit aussi les mesures appliquées par les autorités dans différents pays pour contrôler la validité des allégations écologiques d’entitées privées. Des exemples d’actions en justice engagées dans plusieurs pays autour d’allégations environnementales sont décrits. Pourtant, les rapports dont on dispose ne permettent pas d’évaluer dans quelle mesure les procédures de vérification ont permis d’améliorer la qualité générale des allégations environnementales. Le rapport note en outre que les directives nationales présentent de nombreuses similitudes. Ces similitudes tiennent sans doute au fait que les directives gouvernementales s’inspirent souvent de la série de normes ISO 14020 de l’Organisation Internationale de Normalisation. Le rapport évoque aussi plusieurs tentatives d’harmonisation des critères environnementaux entre pays. Il existe, semble-t-il, d’importantes incitations en faveur de ce type de certification internationale, notamment la possibilité de bénéficier de coûts administratifs réduits et de développer les échanges de produits certifiés. Il devient donc réellement possible d’harmoniser également les critères applicables aux autodéclarations environnementales. Les efforts déployés pour poursuivre l’harmonisation régionale, ou bilatérale, pourrait marquer un premier pas dans cette direction.

Suggested Citation

  • Mikaël Klintman, 2016. "A Review of Public Policies relating to the Use of Environmental Labelling and Information Schemes (ELIS)," OECD Environment Working Papers 105, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:envaaa:105-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm0p34bk7hb-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Momsen, Katharina & Ohndorf, Markus, 2022. "Information avoidance, selective exposure, and fake (?) news: Theory and experimental evidence on green consumption," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    2. Santa, Juana Castro & Drews, Stefan, 2023. "Heuristic processing of green advertising: Review and policy implications," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Allégations environnementales; Eco-labels; Ecolabels; empreintes environnementales des produits; Environmental claims; environmental reporting; information policy approaches; politique d’approches informationnelles; product environmental footprints; rapports environnementaux;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment
    • L15 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Information and Product Quality
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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