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A Review of Studies on the Distributional Impact of Consumption Taxes in OECD Countries

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  • Neil Warren

Abstract

Consumption taxes are only rarely assessed for their impact on the economic well-being of individuals. This paper reviews various studies on this issue. It first describes the large differences in the size and structure of these taxes among OECD countries, and then reviews the types of assumptions that are typically made when estimating the redistributive impact of these taxes. Based on this review, the paper advocates the wider adoption of the methodology that is currently adopted by government statisticians in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom – based on input-output tables and on the modelling of a large part of the consumption taxes levied on various types of final expenditures and production inputs. The paper argues that, beyond methodological differences, all studies agree that consumption taxes have a significant regressive impact on the distribution of household disposable income. Illustrative simulations – based on applying the detailed findings on the incidence of consumption tax in one country (Australia) to the tax structure and income distribution of other OECD countries suggests that omission of consumption taxes affects estimates of the overall size of the redistribution achieved through the tax system and of how this differ across countries and evolves over time. Les impôts à la consommation sont rarement évalués pour leur incidence sur le bien-être économique des individus. Ce document se penche sur cette question. D’abord, il présente les grandes différences dans la taille et la structure de ces impôts dans les pays de l’OCDE. Puis, il examine les hypothèses qui sont typiquement faites pour estimer leur impact redistributif. Sur la base de cet examen, le document prône l’adoption plus large de la méthodologie actuellement adoptée par la Statistique publique en Australie, au Canada et au Royaume-Uni – une méthodologie basée sur des tableaux entrées-sorties et qui considère la plus grande partie des impôts à la consommation prélevés tant sur les dépenses finales que sur les facteurs de production. Le document montre qu’au-delà des différences méthodologiques, toutes les études conviennent que les impôts sur la consommation ont une incidence régressive significative sur la distribution du revenu disponible des ménages. Des simulations indicatives – basées sur l’application des résultats sur l’incidence des impôts à la consommation dans un pays (l’Australie) sur la structure des impôts et la distribution du revenu des autres pays de l’OCDE – montrent que d’ignorer ces impôts affecte toutes mesures de redistribution opérée par le système fiscal et que ces effets varient d’un pays à l’autre et dans le temps.

Suggested Citation

  • Neil Warren, 2008. "A Review of Studies on the Distributional Impact of Consumption Taxes in OECD Countries," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 64, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:64-en
    DOI: 10.1787/241103736767
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    Cited by:

    1. Tchoffo, Rodrigue & Nkemgha, Guivis & Paul, Tadzong, 2019. "Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon: Can indirect tax play a crucial role?," MPRA Paper 96457, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Oct 2019.
    2. Bachas, Pierre & Gadenne, Lucie & Jensen, Anders, 2020. "Informality, Consumption Taxes and Redistribution," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1277, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    3. Cuceu Ionuţ-Constantin & Văidean Viorela-Ligia, 2018. "Redistributing Income through VAT," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(2), pages 588-592, December.
    4. Francesco Figari & Alari Paulus, 2015. "The Distributional Effects of Taxes and Transfers Under Alternative Income Concepts," Public Finance Review, , vol. 43(3), pages 347-372, May.
    5. Mazurek-Chwiejczak Małgorzata, 2016. "The Impact of The Tax System Structure on The Narrowing of Income Disparities in OECD Countries," Financial Internet Quarterly (formerly e-Finanse), Sciendo, vol. 12(3), pages 27-37, October.
    6. Georgia Kaplanoglou, 2015. "Who Pays Indirect Taxes in Greece? From EU Entry to the Fiscal Crisis," Public Finance Review, , vol. 43(4), pages 529-556, July.
    7. Lars-H. R. Siemers, 2014. "A General Microsimulation Model for the EU VAT with a specific Application to Germany," International Journal of Microsimulation, International Microsimulation Association, vol. 7(2), pages 40-93.
    8. Kaplanoglou, Georgia, 2022. "Consumption inequality and poverty in Greece: Evidence and lessons from a decade-long crisis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 244-261.
    9. Elvire Guillaud & Matthew Olckers & Michaël Zemmour, 2020. "Four Levers of Redistribution: The Impact of Tax and Transfer Systems on Inequality Reduction," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 66(2), pages 444-466, June.
    10. Emmanuel Chavez & Cristobal Dominguez, 2021. "Who pays for a Value Added Tax Hike at an International Border? Evidence from Mexico," Working Papers halshs-03364026, HAL.
    11. Michael Förster & Peter Whiteford, 2009. "How much Redistribution do Welfare States Achieve? The Role of Cash Transfers and Household Taxes," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 7(3), pages 34-41, October.
    12. André Decoster & Jason Loughrey & Cathal O'Donoghue & Dirk Verwerft, 2010. "How regressive are indirect taxes? A microsimulation analysis for five European countries," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 326-350.
    13. Michael Förster & Peter Whiteford, 2009. "How much Redistribution do Welfare States Achieve? The Role of Cash Transfers and Household Taxes," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 7(03), pages 34-41, October.
    14. Corrado Benassi & Emanuela Randon, 2021. "The distribution of the tax burden and the income distribution: theory and empirical evidence," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 38(3), pages 1087-1108, October.
    15. repec:ces:ifodic:v:7:y:2009:i:3:p:14567070 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. IonuÈ›-Constantin Cuceu, 2016. "The Distributional Effects of Value Added Tax," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(2), pages 450-454, February.
    17. Thomas, Alastair, 2015. "The Distributional Effects of Consumption Taxes in New Zealand," Working Paper Series 19331, Victoria University of Wellington, Chair in Public Finance.
    18. James Alm & Asmaa El-Ganainy, 2013. "Value-added taxation and consumption," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 20(1), pages 105-128, February.
    19. Susan Namirembe Kavuma & Christine Byaruhanga & Nicholas Musoke & Patrick Loke & Michael Noble & Gemma Wright, 2020. "An analysis of the distributional impact of excise duty in Uganda using a tax-benefit microsimulation model," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-70, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    20. Thomas, Alastair, 2015. "The Distributional Effects of Consumption Taxes in New Zealand," Working Paper Series 4668, Victoria University of Wellington, Chair in Public Finance.
    21. Arsić, Milojko & Altiparmakov, Nikola, 2013. "Equity aspects of VAT in emerging European countries: A case study of Serbia," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 171-186.
    22. Sijbren Cnossen, 2012. "Taxing Consumption or Income: Du Pareil au Meme," SPP Research Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 5(13), March.
    23. Isabelle Joumard & Mauro Pisu & Debbie Bloch, 2012. "Tackling income inequality: The role of taxes and transfers," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2012(1), pages 37-70.
    24. Alastair Thomas, 2022. "Reassessing the regressivity of the VAT," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 43(1), pages 23-38, March.
    25. Isabelle Joumard & Mauro Pisu & Debra Bloch, 2012. "Less Income Inequality and More Growth – Are They Compatible? Part 3. Income Redistribution via Taxes and Transfers Across OECD Countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 926, OECD Publishing.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies

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