Author
Listed:
- Piritta Sorsa
- Jan Mares
- Mathilde Didier
- Caio Guimaraes
- Marie Rabate
- Gen Tang
- Annamaria Tuske
(OECD)
Abstract
The low and declining female labour force participation rate in India despite strong growth over the past decade is puzzling and stands out among emerging markets. At the same time greater economic participation of women can be a source of inclusive growth, and wellbeing. Assessing determinants of the labour force participation of women in India can open important policy insights. This paper first describes key employment trends in India by gender. Then the potential determinants of female labour force participation are identified based on literature, basic statistics and econometric techniques. Given the large regional differences in India the analysis is also conducted by region and between rural and urban areas. In contrast to other BRIICs or OECD countries, education and incomes are negatively correlated with female labour for participation in India. Apart from lack of jobs, social and cultural factors keep women outside the labour force. Other determinants relate to infrastructure, access to finance, labour laws and rural employment programmes. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of India (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-india.htm). Les déterminants de l'activité économique des femmes en Inde Le taux d’activité féminin en Inde, faible et en repli en dépit de la solide croissance des dix dernières années, laisse perplexe et fait figure d’exception parmi les économies émergentes. Parallèlement, une plus forte participation des femmes à l’économie pourrait être source de croissance inclusive et de bien-être. L’évaluation des déterminants de l’activité économique des femmes en Inde pourrait ouvrir d’importantes pistes d’analyse pour l’action publique. Le présent document décrit tout d’abord les principales tendances de l’emploi en Inde, en fonction des sexes. Puis les déterminants potentiels de l’activité féminine sont identifiés à partir d’une revue des publications, de statistiques élémentaires et de modèles économétriques. Compte tenu des grandes différences régionales en Inde l'analyse est également menée par région et entre les zones rurales et urbaines. Contrairement à d'autres pays de l'OCDE ou BRIICS, l'éducation et les revenus sont en corrélation négative avec le travail des femmes à la participation en Inde. Outre le manque d'emplois, facteurs sociaux et culturels empêchent les femmes en dehors du marché du travail. Autres facteurs déterminants ont trait à l'infrastructure, l'accès au financement, la législation du travail et des programmes d'emploi rural. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de l'Inde, 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-inde.htm).
Suggested Citation
Piritta Sorsa & Jan Mares & Mathilde Didier & Caio Guimaraes & Marie Rabate & Gen Tang & Annamaria Tuske, 2015.
"Determinants of the Low Female Labour Force Participation in India,"
OECD Economics Department Working Papers
1207, OECD Publishing.
Handle:
RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1207-en
DOI: 10.1787/5js30tvj21hh-en
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JEL classification:
- J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
- J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
- J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
- J46 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Informal Labor Market
- J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing
- J82 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Labor Force Composition
- J83 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Workers' Rights
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