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Do Policies that Reduce Unemployment Raise its Volatility?: Evidence from OECD Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Alain de Serres

    (OECD)

  • Fabrice Murtin

    (OECD)

Abstract

In this paper we examine whether past labour market reforms aiming at reducing the rate of unemployment have raised its long-run volatility. Using non-linear panel data models applied to 24 OECD countries between 1985 and 2007, as well as Monte-Carlo techniques, we do not find any evidence of such policy trade-off. In contrast, we find that reduced unemployment benefit duration, more competition-inducing product market regulation and looser employment protection legislation are associated with a weaker persistence of unemployment over time, which implies a lower volatility of unemployment in the long run. More specifically, the evidence suggests that even in the case of reforms that may have raised the shortterm sensitivity of unemployment to business cycles (such as with the easing of employment protection), the weaker persistence effect dominates the higher cyclical volatility, implying a net reduction in long-term volatility. Est-ce que les politiques qui réduisent le chômage augmentent sa volatilité ? : Une analyse empirique couvrant les pays de l'OCDE Cette étude examine dans quelle mesure les réformes passées du marché du travail visant à réduire le taux de chômage peuvent avoir eu pour effet d’accroître sa volatilité. L’analyse empirique combinant l’estimation de modèles non-linéaires basés sur des données de panel couvrant 24 pays de l’OCDE sur la période 1985-2007 et l’application de techniques de Monte Carlo, n’a pas mis à jour d’éléments permettant d’étayer l’hypothèse d’un tel conflit (trade-off) dans l’impact des politiques publiques du marché du travail. A l’inverse, l’étude montre qu’une réduction de la durée des bénéfices d’assurance chômage, une réforme de la réglementation conduisant à une plus forte concurrence sur le marché des produits et services, ainsi qu’un assouplissement de la législation sur la protection de l’emploi entraînent une plus faible persistance du chômage, impliquant une plus faible volatilité à long terme. Même dans les cas où des réformes ont pu accroître la sensibilité du chômage aux fluctuations cycliques, l’effet de cette plus grande variance cyclique sur la volatilité à long terme est plus que compensée par la baisse de la persistance.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain de Serres & Fabrice Murtin, 2013. "Do Policies that Reduce Unemployment Raise its Volatility?: Evidence from OECD Countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1020, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1020-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4c9kmlg08v-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Orsetta Causa & Alain de Serres & Nicolas Ruiz, 2015. "Can pro-growth policies lift all boats?: An analysis based on household disposable income," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2015(1), pages 227-268.
    2. John Martin, 2015. "Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries: stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-29, December.
    3. Goulas, Eleftherios & Zervoyianni, Athina, 2018. "Active labour-market policies and output growth: Is there a causal relationship?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1-14.
    4. Matsue, Toyoki, 2019. "Employment fluctuations in a dynamic model with long-term and short-term contracts," MPRA Paper 97545, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Matsue Toyoki, 2019. "Labour Market Institutions and Amplification of Employment Fluctuations," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 6(53), pages 164-173, January.
    6. Christoph S. Weber, 2020. "The unemployment effect of central bank transparency," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(6), pages 2947-2975, December.
    7. Toyoki Matue, 2017. "Labor Market Institutions and Employment Fluctuations in Dynamic General Equilibrium Models," Discussion Papers 1701, Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University.
    8. Ronald Bachmann & Rahel Felder, 2021. "Labour market transitions, shocks and institutions in turbulent times: a cross-country analysis," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 48(2), pages 329-352, May.
    9. Arlow Jonathan, 2019. "A JobBridge to nowhere: The National Internship Scheme as fast policy leading to bad policy," Administration, Sciendo, vol. 67(2), pages 71-93, May.
    10. Yosuke Jin & Aida Caldera Sánchez & Pilar Garcia Perea, 2017. "Reforms for more and better quality jobs in Spain," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1386, OECD Publishing.
    11. Matsue, Toyoki, 2020. "The impact of short-term employment contracts on employment volatility and economic fluctuations," MPRA Paper 102731, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Thor Berger & Carl Benedikt Frey, 2016. "Structural Transformation in the OECD: Digitalisation, Deindustrialisation and the Future of Work," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 193, OECD Publishing.
    13. Paula Garda & Volker Ziemann, 2014. "Economic Policies and Microeconomic Stability: A Literature Review and Some Empirics," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1115, OECD Publishing.
    14. Ovidiu BUZOIANU & Amelia DIACONU & Marcela Antoaneta NICULESCU & Silviu DIACONU, 2020. "Analysis Of The Economic And Social Effects Of Unemployment In Romania," Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 14(1), pages 705-711, November.
    15. Orsetta Causa & Alain de Serres & Nicolas Ruiz, 2015. "Structural reforms and income distribution," OECD Economic Policy Papers 13, OECD Publishing.
    16. Volker Ziemann, 2013. "Do Structural Policies Affect Macroeconomic Stability?," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1075, OECD Publishing.
    17. François Geerolf & Thomas Grjebine, 2014. "Assessing House Price Effects on Unemployment Dynamics," Working Papers 2014-25, CEPII research center.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    business cycle; chômage; fluctuations cycliques; institutions du marché du travail; labour market institutions; persistance du chômage; unemployment; unemployment persistence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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