IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/devaaa/339-en.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The grant element method of measuring the concessionality of loans and debt relief

Author

Listed:
  • Simon Scott

    (OECD)

Abstract

The grant element is the “gift portion” of a financial transaction. The mathematical technique for arriving at a precise grant element percentage was first proposed by John Pincus of the RAND Corporation in 1963, and developed mathematically by Göran Ohlin of the Development Centre in 1966. Pincus also advocated expressing foreign aid in terms of its grant equivalent – i.e. the grant element expressed as a monetary value instead of a percentage. Grant element methodology was first used officially in 1969, in a target for softening the terms of aid. A grant element test was then introduced into the definition of official development assistance in 1972. Grant element methodology was subsequently applied to regulate the terms of export credits, to help assess the sustainability of developing country borrowing, and to calculate the level of debt relief and ensure comparability of effort in relevant Paris Club debt rescheduling operations. Central to grant element calculations is the selection of an appropriate discount rate to reflect financial market conditions. The present low interest rate environment raises challenges in this respect. This paper offers a layman’s introduction to the nature and mechanics of grant element methodology, and to the history of its application in practice. L’élément-don est la « part offerte » d’une transaction financière. La formule mathématique pour obtenir un pourcentage précis d’élément-don fut proposée pour la première fois par John Pincus de la Corporation RAND en 1963, et affinée par Göran Ohlin, au Centre de développement, en 1966. Pincus a également plaidé pour l’expression de l’aide en termes d’équivalent-don –i.e. l’élément-don exprimé en valeur monétaire en lieu et place d’un pourcentage. La méthodologie de l’élément-don fut officiellement utilisée pour la première fois en 1969, afin de fixer un objectif pour assouplir les conditions de l’aide. Un test d’élément-don fut introduit dans la définition de l’aide publique au développement en 1972. La méthodologie de l’élément-don fut par la suite appliquée pour réguler les termes des crédits à l’exportation, pour aider à estimer la soutenabilité des emprunts d’un pays en développement, ainsi que pour calculer le niveau de remise de dette et s’assurer de la comparabilité des efforts dans les opérations de rééchelonnement de dette au sein du Club de Paris. La sélection d’un taux d’actualisation approprié permettant de refléter les conditions du marché financier est au cœur du calcul de l’élément don. La période actuelle de faibles taux d’intérêts présente à cet égard des problèmes d’une ampleur particulière. Cet article offre au novice une introduction à la nature et aux mécanismes de la méthodologie de l’élément-don, ainsi qu’à l’histoire de son application pratique.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Scott, 2017. "The grant element method of measuring the concessionality of loans and debt relief," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 339, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:339-en
    DOI: 10.1787/19e4b706-en
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/19e4b706-en
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1787/19e4b706-en?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hillary Chijindu Ezeaku & David Okelue Ugwunta & Godwin Imo Ibe & Ebele Igwemeka & Eze Festus Eze & Obiamaka P. Egbo, 2023. "Effect of bilateral and multilateral concessional debts on public investment in Africa: A contingency analysis," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 35(2), pages 198-210, June.
    2. Régis MARODON & Jiajun Xu & Xinshun Ru, 2020. "Mapping 500+ Development Banks," Working Paper 2cf2f056-7c48-4bcb-a2ad-1, Agence française de développement.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    aid terms; export credits; foreign aid; grant equivalent; softness of loans;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B26 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Financial Economics
    • B31 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought: Individuals - - - Individuals
    • C65 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • F35 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Aid
    • O22 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Project Analysis

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:339-en. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/dcoecfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.