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Human Capital by Gender: a G20 and Selected Geographies Perspective

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  • Barbara M. Fraumeni
  • Gang Liu
  • Shunsuke Managi

Abstract

This paper aims to identify the sources of human capital growth for the observation period 1990-2020 by region, gender and various determinants. It is a preliminary version of a forthcoming Inclusive Wealth Report 2023 (UNESCO and Urban Institute of Kyushu University) report. It focuses on five important aggregates by gender: Asia, Africa, Latin America, G20, and the European Union to highlight differences. Human capital per capita does vary significantly across countries in each aggregate. Education and human capital is unevenly distributed among males and females, although both total and per capita human capital have grown over time in almost all countries. Attention must be paid to what has happened to the world's gender-disaggregated levels of education and human capital per capita over time. The future sustainability of nations and the well-being of individuals within nations depend on the continuation of historical progress.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara M. Fraumeni & Gang Liu & Shunsuke Managi, 2024. "Human Capital by Gender: a G20 and Selected Geographies Perspective," NBER Working Papers 32076, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32076
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    1. Arrow, Kenneth J. & Dasgupta, Partha & Goulder, Lawrence H. & Mumford, Kevin J. & Oleson, Kirsten, 2012. "Sustainability and the measurement of wealth," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(3), pages 317-353, June.
    2. Barro, Robert J. & Lee, Jong Wha, 2013. "A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 184-198.
    3. Jorgenson, Dale W & Fraumeni, Barbara M, 1992. " Investment in Education and U.S. Economic Growth," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 94(0), pages 51-70, Supplemen.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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